Abstract
The objective of this work was to set up ideal conditions for conidia mass production of Dicyma pulvinata. Four isolates were compared in terms of their growth and conidia production on various substrates (grains of parboiled rice, common rice, maize and wheat, besides chipped maize and rice husk), temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31ºC), growth containers (aluminum trays, polypropylene bags and Erlenmeyers) and light regimes (continuous darkness, 6 and 12 hours of light/darkness, and continuous light). Temperature effects on conidia germination capacity were also evaluated. The experiments were done in randomized complete block designs, in factorial arrangements (isolates x treatments - substrates, containers, temperatures and light regimes), with four replicates. In general, parboiled rice and polypropylene bags provided the best development of the fungus. Complete darkness and 6 hours of light increased mycelial growth, whereas continuous light favored sporulation. All tested temperatures favored the cultures of the fungus, except 31ºC. Temperatures between 19 and 25ºC ensure spore germination of more than 76%.
Highlights
South American leaf blight (SALB) poses a serious problem when establishing rubber plantations in humid regions of Central and South America
The fungus has not yet spread to Southeast Asia and the Pacific, at least partly because of the intense monitoring of air and sea cargo coming from South America (Lieberei, 2007)
The containers used for propagules production of D. pulvinata isolates, compared in terms of sporulation, did not differ statistically from one another, except for CEN 93, in which the production in Erlenmeyers was greater than the obtained in the other two containers (Table 1)
Summary
South American leaf blight (SALB) poses a serious problem when establishing rubber plantations in humid regions of Central and South America. This disease, caused by the fungus Microcyclus ulei 2006; Lieberei, 2007), the pathogen represents a considerable threat, especially to Southeast Asia, where the main rubber‐producing countries are concentrated. The fungus has not yet spread to Southeast Asia and the Pacific, at least partly because of the intense monitoring of air and sea cargo coming from South America (Lieberei, 2007). In the 1950’s, the Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) was created, under the auspices of FAO. Asian and Pacific countries have adapted a number of quarantine‐related measures and bans to prevent
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