Abstract
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) is increasing in clinical indication and use in the field of neuromodulation. There are several implantable PNS systems currently approved for both chronic and acute neuropathic pain. One advantage of these systems is that they are minimally invasive and, in some cases, utilize a temporary implant. There is limited published data regarding PNS complications specifically about the incidence of retained lead tips. It is important to understand the incidence of complications, including lead fracture and lead tip retention to understand patient safety factors and to guide future lead innovations. Additionally, it is important to have a patient management plan in place for if, and when, retained lead tips occur.
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