Abstract
Ischemic stroke of unusual cause is that in which the cause is something other than atherothrombotic stroke, cardioembolic stroke, or small vessel disease. Of note among the causes are non-arteriosclerotic arterial diseases (non-inflammatory, infectious, and non-infectious inflammatory diseases), hematological abnormalities, and stroke associated with cancer. Cryptogenic stroke is that in which, after a full study, the cause of the stroke is not able to be identified. According to case series and depending on the etiological classification used, cryptogenic stroke can represent 30% to 40% of stroke cases. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon disease that represents 1% of all strokes; it is more common in young patients. The factors that predispose an individual to developing CVST are varied (genetic or acquired prothrombotic state, local infections, inflammatory diseases, or mechanical factors after neurosurgical interventions or trauma, among others). Its clinical manifestations depend on the thrombosed cerebral venous sinus, though headache, focal symptoms, and seizures are the most characteristic. In this update, the main causes of stroke of unusual origin, the diagnostic strategy in cryptogenic stroke, and the diagnostic and treatment approach to CVST are reviewed.
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