Abstract
Researchers such as Hofstede (2002) and House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman and Gupta, (2004) have defined well-known cultural clusters such as, Anglo, Germanic, and Nordic cultural clusters. However, Iceland was not incorporated in these studies and therefore the research question of this paper is: In relation to Hofstede´s five cultural dimensions where does Iceland differ in relation to 25 of the OECD member states using VSM94? A questionnaire was sent to students at the University of Iceland, School of Social Sciences by e-mail in October 2013. The five dimensions of national culture were measured using scales developed by Hofstede called VSM 94. The results indicated that Iceland differs considerably from nations such as Slovakia, Japan, India, Thailand and China, which were found high in PDI and the MAS dimension while Iceland was found to be high in IDV and low in PDI. When considering the 25 OECD countries, Iceland is more similar to the Anglo cluster, C3, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdon, Australia and United States than the Nordic cluster, C1 i.e. Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Iceland is similar to those countries in relation to high IDV, low PDI but differs in the dimensions MAS and UAI where Iceland scores higher.
Highlights
Opinberar framkvæmdum hafa oft valdið deilum í samfélaginu og ekki er alltaf ljóst á hvaða forsendum einstaka ákvarðanir byggja
Public projects are frequently subject to cost overruns, late schedules and debatable benefits
Research indicates that the initial project decision is based on unrealistic assumptions and judgmental biases. This is a risk factor that is mitigated in many western societies by issuing detailed guidelines on procedures and methods to apply in the conception of a public project
Summary
Þ.e. fyrrnefnd Q1 og Q2, eru notuð til að lýsa því verklagi sem algengt er að notað sé í vestrænu samfélagi til að tryggja að vandað sé til verka, felast þær orðrétt í eftirfarandi markmiðslýsingu: „To ensure that the choice of concept has been subjected to a political process of fair and rational choice. The ultimate aim is that the chosen concept is the one with the highest economic returns and the best use of public funds. The choice of concept is a political decision to be made by the Cabinet, while the consultant’s role is restricted to assert the quality of the documents supporting the decision“ (Norska fjármálaráðuneytið, 2013). 1. Verkefnin sem falla undir norska ákvörðunarferlið eru stærri opinber verkefni (>750m NKR).
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