Ibn Taimiyyah dan Rancang Bangun Taṣawuf Salafi

Abstract

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Ḥalīm ibn ‘Abd al-Salām ibn Taimiyyah (d. 728/1328) was a medieval scholar who is still discussed today; He was called the spiritual father of radicalism, the father of the Islamic revolution, to him the door of ijtihād is always open. There is almost no main theme in Islamic studies that is not discussed by him, Tasawuf as one of the treasures of Islam is also part of his discussion. Because of his sharp criticism of tasawuf and Sūfī, many say that he was the sworn enemy of tasawuf and anti-Sūfi, However, if we look at his works, he showed a good sympathy towards tasawuf and the Sūfī, for example his praise and respect for ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī. He also gave commentary (syarḥ) on al-Jīlānī’s Futūḥ al-Ghaib. So it is not surprising when Makdisi concluded that Ibn Taimiyyah was a follower of the Qādiriyyah order. This article is intended to answer the questions: What is the correct concept of tasawuf and why does tasawuf need to be reconstructed according to Ibn Taimiyyah. This article uses literature data and theological-historical approach which is strengthened by sociological-anthropological review. This study finds that: (1) Ibn Taimiyyah in his critique of tasawuf does not only refer to the authoritative Sūfī texts, but also to his experiences in active interactions, discussions, and practices of the Sūfīs of his time. (2) The teachings and practices of tasawuf in his time, there were many distortions and infiltrations of thought and practices outside Islam that made tasawuf away from the concept of the early Sūfī. Ibn Taimiyyah was never hostile to tasawuf, he only wanted to put tasawuf and its practice back into the syarī‘ah.</p>