Abstract
Abstract. After describing the hydrological cycle and defining hydrology in the introduction, the early historical development of hydrology is briefly presented in the second section. Then the incorporation of hydrology within the IUGG and the subsequent development of the association are described chronologically. This description is organized into five sections corresponding to five different periods, focused on the scientific and organizational development of the association during each period. Finally, in the conclusions, the present state of the association is discussed together with an outlook for the future.
Highlights
Determining what happens to the rain when it hits the ground eventually leads to the concept of the hydrological cycle, which is the natural sequence through which water passes from vapour in the atmosphere to precipitation that on land separates into evaporation, transpiration and runoff to the sea, equalling net sea evaporation
In other contexts, where the emphasis is on water utilization, hydrology encompasses the broader concept of water resources, including societal relations, engineering and land use
The development of hydrology in the 19th century was dominated by the emerging needs for river engineering, water supply and urban drainage
Summary
Determining what happens to the rain when it hits the ground eventually leads to the concept of the hydrological cycle, which is the natural sequence through which water passes from vapour in the atmosphere to precipitation that on land separates into evaporation, transpiration and runoff to the sea, equalling net sea evaporation. In other contexts, where the emphasis is on water utilization, hydrology encompasses the broader concept of water resources, including societal relations, engineering and land use. This raises the argument over whether hydrology is a pure or applied science. The many diverse forms and occurrences of water on the Earth, and the many different ways of utilizing water resources, gave rise to the concept of the hydrological sciences These sciences (or branches of hydrology) include surface water, groundwater, water-related erosion and sediment transport, snow and ice, water quality, eco-hydrology, land– atmosphere interactions, catchment hydrology, flood forecasting, and water resources management.
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