Abstract
Hydrology is the study of water flows, from precipitation to infiltration, groundwater, evapotranspiration, and runoff. Historically, it has been closely associated with water resources engineering. Although regarded in various periods of its history as a physical science grounded in mathematics, it is increasingly engaged with the ecological and social sciences. This entry builds upon a major benchmark study by Asit Biswas, titled History of Hydrology (1970) by reviewing historical research published since that time along with historical research on twentieth‐century hydrology. While the history of hydrology has been a relatively small field, it has a wide range of prospects ranging from neglected processes in the hydrologic cycle (e.g., snow and soil moisture) as well as evolving approaches to scientific synthesis (e.g., ecohydrology and sociohydrology).
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