Abstract
Some nontrivial aspects of the magnetic and structural characterization of hard-magnetic nanoparticles are investigated. Dilute ensembles are well-described by mean-field theory, although there is an asymmetry between exchange and magnetostatic interaction fields. Corrections to the mean-field approximation are caused by cooperative effects and have the character of Onsager reaction fields, which are much stronger in micromagnetism than in atomic-scale magnetism. The slow dynamics of zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization curves is strongly affected by the particles′ magnetic anisotropy, which reduces the corresponding energy-barrier height from 25 to 19.1 kBT.
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