Hypoxic Living and Exercise Training Alter Adipose Tissue Leptin/Leptin Receptor in Rats.

Yingli Lu,Zihong He,Tongjian You,Lianshi Feng,Minhao Xie,Li Zhang,Jianfang Xu

doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00554

Abstract

Background: Hypobaric hypoxia results in weight loss in obese individuals, and exercise training is advocated for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxic living and exercise training on obesity and adipose tissue leptin/leptin receptor in dietary-induced obese rats.Methods: One hundred and thirty high-fat diet fed Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into one of the following groups (n = 10 each): control, sedentary hypoxic living for 1–4 weeks (SH1, SH2, SH3, and SH4), living, and exercise training in normoxic conditions for 1–4 weeks (TN1, TN2, TN3, and TN4), and living and exercise training in hypoxic conditions for 1–4 weeks (TN1, TN2, TN3, and TN4). Epididymal adipose tissue expression levels of leptin and leptin receptor were determinedResults: Compared to hypoxic living and living and exercise training in normoxic conditions, living and exercise training in hypoxic conditions for 3–4 weeks resulted in lower Lee index (P < 0.05–0.01), and higher expression of leptin and leptin receptor (P < 0.05–0.01) in adipose tissue.Conclusion: In a rodent model of altitude training, living, and exercise training in hypoxic conditions resulted in greater alterations in obesity and adipose tissue leptin/leptin receptor than hypoxic living alone and living and exercise training in normoxic conditions.

Highlights

Obesity is a global public health issue, and is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Hypocaloric diet and exercise training have been advocated for obesity treatments
One hundred and thirty male Sprague—Dawley rats were purchased from Vital River Laboratories (Beijing, China) and were fed a high-fat diet for 3 months and randomized into one of the following 13 groups as previously described (He et al, 2012): C: sedentary living in normoxic conditions for 2 days; SH1, SH2, SH3, and SH4: sedentary living in normobaric hypoxic conditions for 1– 4 weeks, respectively; TN1, TN2, TN3, and TN4: living and training in normoxic conditions for 1–4 weeks, respectively; TH1, TH2, TH3, and TH4: living and training in normobaric hypoxia conditions for 1–4 weeks, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is a global public health issue, and is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Human studies have shown that hypocaloric diet alone, or diet plus exercise, is effective in lowering adiposity and improve obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions (You et al, 2004; Campbell et al, 2013). Several studies indicate that exercise training alone lowers obesity and improves metabolic dysfunctions through its effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation (Ross et al, 2000; You et al, 2004; Lazzer et al, 2011). Moderate altitude living results in weight loss and changes in metabolic functions in obese individuals (Lippl et al, 2010). Hypobaric hypoxia results in weight loss in obese individuals, and exercise training is advocated for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxic living and exercise training on obesity and adipose tissue leptin/leptin receptor in dietary-induced obese rats

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