Abstract
Background: The efficacy of interstitial vascular fraction (SVF) transplantation in the treatment of heart disease has been proven in a variety of in vivo studies. In a previous study, we found that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) altered their expression of several cardiomyogenic factors under hypoxic conditions. Methods: We hypothesized that hypoxia may also induce obtained adipose-derived adherent stromal cells (ADASs) from SVFs and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and/or cells with comparable phenotypes. We examined the differentiation markers of cell lineages in ADASs and ASCs according to time by hypoxic stress and found that only ADASs expressed cardiomyogenic markers within 24 h under hypoxic conditions in association with the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α). Results: Differentially secreted proteins in a conditioned medium (CM) from ASCs and ADASs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions were detected using an antibody assay and may be associated with a dramatic increase in the expression of cardiomyogenic markers in only ADASs. Furthermore, the cardiomyogenic factors were expressed more rapidly in ADASs than in ASCs under hypoxic conditions in association with the expression of HIF-1α, and angiogenin, fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19) and/or macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) are related. Conclusions: These results provide new insights into the applicability of ADASs preconditioned by hypoxic stress in cardiac diseases.
Highlights
Purified aqueous stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) generated by the enzymatic digestion of lipoaspirate have been widely studied for their regenerative potential [1,2,3,4,5]
We found that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) altered the expression of several cardiomyocyte differentiation-related factors under hypoxic conditions and provided new insights into the applicability of MSCs preconditioned by hypoxic stimulation for use in cardiac diseases [19]
We investigated the expression of cell cardiomyocyte differentiation markers in adipose-derived adherent stromal cells (ADASs)/adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) by hypoxia and found that only ADASs expressed cardiomyocyte differentiation markers within 24 h in the hypoxic state in association with the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α)
Summary
Purified aqueous stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) generated by the enzymatic digestion of lipoaspirate have been widely studied for their regenerative potential [1,2,3,4,5]. This aqueous fraction includes adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), endothelial (progenitor) cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes and other stromal components as a heterogeneous cell population [6]. SVFs containing ASCs have the potential to regenerate the cardiovascular system via direct differentiation into vascular endothelial cells (VECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cardiomyocytes, fusion with tissue-resident cells, and the production of paracrine factors [2]. Differentially secreted proteins in a conditioned medium (CM) of ASCs and ADASs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions were detected using an antibody assay, suggested these proteins may be associated with the rapid increase in the expression of cardiomyogenic markers in ADASs
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