Abstract
Objective: Identify the protocols used in normobaric hypoxia and the main symptoms in that context. Theoretical Framework: Hypoxia, particularly hypoxic hypoxia, is a critical challenge in aviation, caused by reduced atmospheric pressure at high altitudes. Controlled hypoxia training allows aviators to recognize symptoms, assess the time of useful consciousness, and practice emergency responses. This study synthesizes key parameters in normobaric hypoxia training, addressing gaps in oxygen concentrations, exposure times, and symptom monitoring. Method: Systematic electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE and Embase databases. Inclusion criteria required original studies involving aircraft crews, descriptions of gas mixtures used for altitude simulation, and details of simulated altitudes during training. Results and Discussion: From 295 identified articles, eight met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 8 to 89 participants, predominantly male. Protocols varied widely, with O₂ concentrations of 6%, 7%, and 8% frequently used to simulate altitudes of 25,919 feet (7,900 m) to 20,341 feet (6,200 m). Considerable heterogeneity was found in protocols for the same simulated altitude, likely due to differences in equipment calibration. Continuous exposure periods of three to five minutes were common, and diverse hypoxia symptoms were reported, emphasizing the importance of symptom recognition for operational safety. Research Implications: This study offers practical insights for standardizing hypoxia training protocols, enhancing safety procedures, and developing guidelines for normobaric environments. Originality/Value: By synthesizing hypoxia training parameters, this research highlights the need for protocol standardization to ensure aviator safety and operational efficiency.
Published Version
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