Abstract
Background/Objectives. Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and with Vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with severe obesity. Subjects/Methods. A cross-sectional clinical assessment (body mass index, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and blood pressure) and metabolic study (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, calcium, phosphorous, calcidiol, and PTH) were carried out in 236 adolescents diagnosed with severe obesity (BMI z-score > 3.0, 99th percentile), aged 10.2–15.8 years. The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of Vitamin D status. Results. Subjects with Vitamin D deficiency had significantly elevated values (p < 0.05) for BMI z-score, waist circumference, waist z-score, body fat percentage, fat mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and PTH than subjects with normal Vitamin D status. There was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) of serum 25(OH)D levels with body fat percentage, FMI, systolic BP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and PTH. Conclusions. Low Vitamin D levels in adolescents with severe obesity were significantly associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index, high blood pressure, impaired lipid profile, and insulin resistance.
Highlights
Severe childhood obesity is associated with an increased prevalence of immediate risk of cardiometabolic complications [1,2]
Low Vitamin D levels in adolescents with severe obesity were significantly associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index, high blood pressure, impaired lipid profile, and insulin resistance
In the same way, tracking studies have shown that this early acquisition of risk factors persists in adulthood, including elevated levels of blood pressure, increased lipid serum concentration, insulin resistance, and manifestations of metabolic syndrome [1,4,5] modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors should be promptly identified in children with severe obesity
Summary
Severe childhood obesity is associated with an increased prevalence of immediate risk of cardiometabolic complications [1,2]. Longitudinal studies have shown the trend of developing severe obesity in adulthood when severe obesity is present in childhood [3,4]. In the same way, tracking studies have shown that this early acquisition of risk factors persists in adulthood, including elevated levels of blood pressure, increased lipid serum concentration, insulin resistance, and manifestations of metabolic syndrome [1,4,5] modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors should be promptly identified in children with severe obesity. Circulating concentration of 25(OH)D is inversely associated with the severity of obesity [6,7,8]. Data on Children 2020, 7, 10; doi:10.3390/children7020010 www.mdpi.com/journal/children
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