Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that is caused by massive tumor cell lysis. It is commonly associated with hematological cancers like leukemia and lymphoma and uncommonly with solid nonhematologic tumors as well. However, spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) without any cytotoxic chemotherapy rarely occurs in solid tumors. We describe a case of STLS in a metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary and review the literature of STLS in solid non-hematologic tumors to identify various risk factors for pathogenesis of this entity.
Highlights
A 59-year-old Caucasian female with past medical history of hypertension, obesity, mild osteopenia, and >20 pack years smoking history presented to the primary care physician with a more than four-month history of generalized weakness, anorexia, weight loss of more than 30 pounds, a growing subcutaneous mass in the right lower back and back pain in the lumbar region
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that is caused by massive tumor cell lysis with the release of large amounts of potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids into the systemic circulation
TLS has been rarely described after treatment of nonhematologic solid tumors including breast cancer, germ cell tumors [2], small-cell carcinoma [2, 3], medulloblastoma [2], sarcoma [2], metastatic colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanoma [2], hepatocellular carcinoma [2], and other solid tumors as well
Summary
A 59-year-old Caucasian female with past medical history of hypertension, obesity, mild osteopenia, and >20 pack years smoking history presented to the primary care physician with a more than four-month history of generalized weakness, anorexia, weight loss of more than 30 pounds, a growing subcutaneous mass in the right lower back and back pain in the lumbar region. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that is caused by massive tumor cell lysis with the release of large amounts of potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids into the systemic circulation. TLS has been shown to occur spontaneously without any cytotoxic therapy in hematologic cancers; it is very rare to find spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) in solid tumors.
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