Hyperesthesia of hard tooth tissues: modern view of etiopathogenesis, prevention and treatment

Abstract

Relevance . Studying the morphology and composition of the hard dental tissues of an adult human in normal and pathological conditions, determining their characteristics at the microstructural level, creates theoretically the prerequisites for the etiopathogenic treatment and prevention of hyperesthesia of the hard dental tissues. Materials and methods . The morphological structure, mineral and chemical composition of the adult hard dental tissues were studied using a combination of methods: scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray microprobe analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , potentiometric and gas exchange methods. Results . The study determined that the main mineral component of the hard dental tissues of an adult is non-stoichiometric calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxylapatite. The loss of calcium reserve and the presence of vacancies in the crystal structure of hydroxylapatite cause the pathology of the hard dental tissues and result in the onset and development of the dental sensitivity. Conclusions . The ions of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, fluorine, etc., coming from the environment, fill the vacancies by ion exchange in the structure of hydroxylapatite in the corresponding crystallographic positions, treating the cause and preventing the sensitivity of the hard dental tissues.