Abstract
Targeting cancer cells without injuring normal cells is the prime objective in treatment of cancer. In this present study, solvothermal and wet chemical precipitation techniques were employed to synthesize iron oxide (IO), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and hydroxyapatite coated iron oxide (IO-HAp) nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia mediated cancer therapy. The synthesized well dispersed spherical IO-HAp nanoparticles, magnetite, and apatite phases were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The non-toxic behavior of synthesized IO-HAp nanoparticles was confirmed by cytotoxicity assay (Trypan blue and MTT assay). The synthesized nanoparticles revealed a remarkable magnetic saturation of 83.2 emu/g for IO and 40.6 emu/g for IO-HAp nanoparticles in presence of 15,000 Oe (1.5 T) magnetic field at room temperature (300 K). The magnetic hyperthermia study that was performed with IO-HAp nanoparticles showed an excellent hyperthermia effect (SAR value 85 W/g) over MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The in vitro hyperthermia temperature (~45 °C) was reached within 3 min, which shows a very high efficiency and kills nearly all of the experimental MG-63 osteosarcoma cells within 30 min exposure. These results could potentially open new perceptions for biomaterials that are aimed for anti-cancer therapies based on magnetic hyperthermia.
Highlights
Nanotechnology advanced the functional characteristics of nanoparticles for biomedical applications
The present study reports a facile synthetic procedure of magnetic HAp by two-step hydrothermal and wet chemical precipitation techniques
The synthesis and fabrication of magnetic nanomaterials with high biocompatibility are important for application in the biomedicine
Summary
Nanotechnology advanced the functional characteristics of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Magnetic hyperthermia is well adopted along with radiotherapy or chemotherapy for different cancer treatment [8] Magnetic thermoablation is another technique that generates the heat by increasing the temperature to 43–55 ◦C with strong toxic effect on cells [9,10]. Different study reports propose that the direct contact of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with cells induces detrimental effects due to the presence of iron as a redox center, which causes oxidative stress by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide radicals. Many researchers worldwide reported a range of HAp or HAp-supported magnetic materials for different biomedical applications, including hyperthermia-based cancer treatment [16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. The present study reports a facile synthetic procedure of magnetic HAp by two-step hydrothermal and wet chemical precipitation techniques. The synthesized HAp nanoparticles were dried at 70 ◦C and calcined at 600 ◦C for one hour in the air atmosphere
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