Hydroxy decenoic acid down regulates gtfB and gtfC expression and prevents Streptococcus mutans adherence to the cell surfaces

Behnam Yousefi,Javad Verdi,Alireza Rezapoor-Lactooyi,Niusha Amiri,Shahrooz Ghaderi,Alireza Shoae-Hassani

doi:10.1186/1476-0711-11-21

Abstract

Background10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid is the most active and unique component to the royal jelly that has antimicrobial properties. Streptococcus mutans is associated with pathogenesis of oral cavity, gingivoperiodontal diseases and bacteremia following dental manipulations. In the oral cavity, S. mutans colonize the soft tissues including tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. When considering the role of supragingival dental plaque in caries, the proportion of acid producing bacteria (particularly S. mutans), has direct relevance to the pathogenicity of the plaque. The genes that encode glucosyltransferases (gtfs) especially gtfB and gtfC are important in S. mutans colonization and pathogenesis. This study investigated the hydroxy-decenoic acid (HDA) effects on gtfB and gtfC expression and S. mutans adherence to cells surfaces.MethodsStreptococcus mutans was treated by different concentrations of HPLC purified HDA supplied by Iran Beekeeping and Veterinary Association. Real time RT-PCR and western blot assays were conducted to evaluate gtfB and gtfC genes transcription and translation before and after HDA treatment. The bacterial attachment to the cell surfaces was evaluated microscopically.Results500 μg ml-1 of HDA inhibited gtfB and gtfC mRNA transcription and its expression. The same concentration of HDA decreased 60% the adherence of S. mutans to the surface of P19 cells.ConclusionHydroxy-decenoic acid prevents gtfB and gtfC expression efficiently in the bactericide sub-concentrations and it could effectively reduce S. mutans adherence to the cell surfaces. In the future, therapeutic approaches to affecting S. mutans could be selective and it’s not necessary to put down the oral flora completely.

Highlights

Oral streptococci are important components of the complex oral biofilm known as dental plaque
hydroxy-decenoic acid (HDA) is highly acidic and acts as a detergent and antimicrobial agent [26]. It has antitumor [27] and collagen production activities [28]. It is known as a safe natural product, here we investigated the HDA effect on gtfB and gtfC expression and adherence of S. mutans colonies on the eukaryotic cell surfaces
Real Time RT PCR analysis We performed real time Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments to examine the abundance of gtfB and gtfC specific mRNA in S. mutans cells treated with HDA (Figure 3) Equal

Summary

Introduction

Oral streptococci are important components of the complex oral biofilm known as dental plaque. Members of the Streptococcus genus including Streptococcus mutans are associated with dental caries [1,2]. The factors influencing expression of gtf genes are very important for prevention of dental plaques, caries, gingivitis, gingival abscess and even bacteremia following dental manipulation. Glucosyltransferases encoded by gtfB and gtfC genes show similarities. GtfB synthesizes a polymer of mostly insoluble (α-1,3-linked) glucan and GtfC synthesizes a mixture of insoluble (α-1,3-linked) and soluble (α-1,6-linked) glucans [15,16]. These glucans are important components of the matrix of cariogenic biofilms

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion