Abstract
A new method for focusing ultrasound energy in brain tissue through the skull bone is investigated. The procedure is designed for use with a multielement therapeutic transducer array and a small catheter-inserted hydrophone receiver placed in the brain in order to guide the array’s focus over a volume of tissue about the receiver. When performed at high intensity, cells within this volume are destroyed. The present study tests the feasibility and range of the method using ex vivo human skulls. The skull is placed between a focused ultrasound array and the receiver. Acoustic phase information is obtained from the receiver and used to both electrically shift the beam to new locations as well as correct aberrations due to the skull bone. The method is applied to a 104-element 1.1-MHz array and 120 elements of a 500-element 0.81-MHz array. Using these array configurations it is determined that the method can reconstruct and steer a focus over a distance of 60 mm within the brain. Application of this minimally invasive technique for ultrasound brain therapy and surgery is also demonstrated.
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