Abstract
The fabrication of smart biocomposites from sustainable resources that could replace today’s petroleum-derived polymer materials is a growing field of research. Here, we report preparation of novel biocomposites using nanocellulose networks extracted from food residue (onion skin) and a vegetable oil-based bioresin. The resin was synthesized via the Diels-Alder reaction between furfuryl methacrylate and tung oil at various ratios of the components. The onion-skin-extracted cellulose nanofiber and cellulose nanocrystal networks were then impregnated with the resins yielding biocomposites that exhibited improved mechanical strength and higher storage modulus values. The properties of the resins, as well as biocomposites, were affected by the resin compositions. A 190–240-fold increase in mechanical strength was observed in the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced biocomposites with low furfuryl methacrylate content. The biocomposites exhibited interesting shape-memory behavior with 80–96% shape recovery being observed after 7 creep cycles.
Highlights
Commercial plastic products are derived from petrochemical resources and replacing them with renewable biobased materials sourced by sustainable means fits with our current strive towards circular economy
Biocomposites composed of bioresins, thermosetting resins typically derived from vegetable oils [1], and natural fibers as reinforcements would be suitable alternatives to the commercial plastics
We report fabrication of a new biocomposite with shape-memory behavior from acrylate modified tung oil (TO) bioresin and nanocellulose networks
Summary
Commercial plastic products are derived from petrochemical resources and replacing them with renewable biobased materials sourced by sustainable means fits with our current strive towards circular economy In this context, biocomposites composed of bioresins, thermosetting resins typically derived from vegetable oils [1], and natural fibers as reinforcements would be suitable alternatives to the commercial plastics. Employed physical blending methods often affect the shape-memory performance of the materials [18] In this context, we hypothesized that direct impregnation of hydrophilic nanocellulose network with the hydrophobic acrylated TO resin would address the compatibility issues [29,30,31,32]. We report fabrication of a new biocomposite with shape-memory behavior from acrylate modified TO bioresin and nanocellulose networks. Probable Diels-Alder (DA) adduct arising from TO and FMA
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