Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are developing as potential solvents in lignocellulose solvation, which enables cellulase accessibility into the substrate. Nevertheless, ILs could result in enzyme deactivation because of the high polarity. Therefore, developing a system of ILs-compatible cellulase (IL-E) to promote lignocellulose conversion into sugars is a challenge in ILs applications. This study used an IL-E to attain high conversion yield of sugars from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). Cellulase (Tr-Cel) from Trichoderma reesei was stable in the ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate [EMIM]DEP and choline acetate [Cho]OAc. The inhibition and deactivation of cellulase were evaluated using the model substrate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and EFB as a lignocellulosic material to assess the hydrolytic activity. The enzyme kinetics revealed that [Cho]OAc acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. Additionally, [EMIM]DEP may not be considered as an inhibitor as it increases the Vmax and does not significantly affect the KM. In both cases, the study proved that IL did not result in a severe loss of cellulase activity, which is a promising outcome for one-pot hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials.
Highlights
It is prominent that lignocellulose is one of the most beneficial and important renewable biomaterials which offers a sustainable substitute for fossil fuels resources (Varanasi et al, 2012) as it consists the desirable carbohydrates, cellulose and hemicellulose (Mamman et al, 2008)
The study proved that Ionic liquids (ILs) did not result in a severe loss of cellulase activity, which is a promising outcome for one-pot hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials
The IL presence in the hydrolysis vessel did not result in irreversible inhibition
Summary
It is prominent that lignocellulose is one of the most beneficial and important renewable biomaterials which offers a sustainable substitute for fossil fuels resources (Varanasi et al, 2012) as it consists the desirable carbohydrates, cellulose and hemicellulose (Mamman et al, 2008). Diverse approaches have been implemented in the pretreatment of lignocellulose including chemical (Pellera & Gidarakos, 2018) such as acidic (Harun & Danquah, 2011) and alkali treatment (Zainan, Alam, & Al-Khatib, 2013), physical or mechanical treatment (Barakat et al, 2014), physicochemical (Brodeur et al, 2011) and biological methods (Balat, 2011) using microbes (Alam, Kabbashi, & Hussin, 2009; Galbe & Zacchi, 2007) These methods are associated with various disadvantages as they consume high energy, might be toxic, or may be pricey (Muhammad et al, 2014; Yang et al, 2010). Many studies have reported cellulases stability in systems that http://ijc.ccsenet.org
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