Abstract
For this analysis, the Manot sub-basin region of Upper Narmada Basin located in Madhya Pradesh, India, is designated for estimation of runoff, sediment load, sediment concentration and sediment yield using SWAT. The model was implemented during 1989 and 2008. NBSSLUP soil data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), slope, Land use Ground cover (LULC) and climate records of temperature and rainfall were used as inputs for the Manot Gauge Station. The forecasted model discharge was estimated statistically and compared the real daily flow data from 1989 to 2008, which corresponds to a major number. The R2 value (coefficient of determination) for discharge, sediment concentration, sediment load and sediment yield values for the period 1989 to 2008 were found to be 0.95, 0.94, 0.96 and 0.96 respectively. RMSE for discharge, sediment concentration and sediment yield were found to be 0.32, 0.27 and 0.17, respectively. The expected sediment load at the Manot Gauge Station for the duration (1989–2008) is 6670918 tons per year and the observed sediment load is 6255565 tons per year. Simulated sediment load and measured sediment load at the Manot Gauge Station are 14.13 tons / year / hectare and 15.02 tons / year / hectare, respectively. Predicted sediment concentrations and measured sediment concentrations at the Manot gauging station were found to be 8.81 ppm and 7.46 ppm, respectively. Similarly, the expected and observed Sediment Yield was 1.513 mm and 1.704 mm respectively.
Highlights
Deforestation resulting in bare soil surface results in soil erosion (2)
Sediment is a contaminant that impairs most of the streams in the soil erosion model (14) that defined the deposition, settlement and movement of soil elements by precipitation and discharged water from its point of source to the watershed outlet (15)
Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) In the SWAT model, a catchment is distributed into several basins based on slope class, soil type and land-use
Summary
The natural ecosystem consists of the topsoil, stream and plant surroundings required for the continued survival and comfort of humankind (1). Research has shown that storage reservoirs reduce their capacity effectively by deposition of sediment particles to 1–2 % annually (13). Sediment is a contaminant that impairs most of the streams in the soil erosion model (14) that defined the deposition, settlement and movement of soil elements by precipitation and discharged water from its point of source to the watershed outlet (15). Analysis of sedimentation is needed for the study of the storage capacity of the reservoir (20) This involves the collection of water samples from measuring stations on a regular basis (21). Sediment gauging networks provide the vital data needed to create a precise sediment budget defined for four major sediment exchanges for a large, physically efficient river (22) In this analysis, the SWAT model is used to estimate the soil loss prediction of the Manot basin of Upper Narmada River. Manot is situated at 80° 31' longitude and 22° 44' latitude at 475 m above Sea Level with a total surface area of 4467 sq. km
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