Hydrologial regime of the river Uda and its use for water management years (within Kharkiv region)

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. Water is the basis of life. Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, man engages more and more types of natural resources in the process of material production which enable the production of goods necessary for life. Water is one of the most important among these natural resources. Therefore, water resources are constantly monitored and accounted at the state level. However, at the regional level (regions and districts), this issue still needs several studies, expertise and evaluation work. Relevant questions remain concerning the calculation of the hydrological regime as a whole in Kharkiv region, and in individual rivers. The purpose of the article is to study the hydrological regime of surface waters of the river Uda (within Kharkiv region) for 30 years and inner- annual flow distribution in the middle of the year for various practical purposes. Presentation of the main material. The features of the river Uda flow for 30 years are considered in the article. Examining the hydrological regime of the river, it has been found out that the distribution of water flow in the river is uneven throughout the year and this is due to climatic conditions (mainly rainfall and temperature). Analyzing the distribution of flow by seasons, it can be noticed that for the Uda river near the settlement Peresichna spring runoff is 54.3%, while in summer and winter - 10.5% and 24.3%, respectively; near the settlement Bezlyudivka spring runoff is 36.3%, while in summer and winter - 20.2% and 25.11%, respectively. Rivers are fed primarily by snow with a relatively high degree of soil runoff compared to rain. The deepest water flowing years in the river Uda (within Kharkiv region) during the period from 1981 to 2010 were 1981 - 1983, dry years were 2007 – 2010. Inner-annual runoff was calculated for the purpose of water supply, so summer - autumn and winter were taken as a limiting period, and winter – as a limiting season. Conclusions. It has been found out that the biggest flow by the limiting period on the territory of the Uda basin was in 1981, and the lowest flow - in 2009, the lowest flow by the limiting season - r. Uda (settlement Bezlyudivka) was in 2010, in the Uda river at settlement Peresichna - in 2003. Thus, in consequence of inner- annual flow calculations, we can determine potential water intake rate for the particular year which is very important in terms of ecology.