Abstract
This study showed the hydrogeological characteristics of an alluvial aquifer that is composed of sand, silt, and clay layers in a small domain. It can be classified into a lower high-salinity layer and an upper freshwater layer and contains shells and remnant paleo-seawater (average 5000 μS/cm) due to sea level fluctuation. Geological and electrical conductivity logging, a long-term pumping test, and multi-depth water quality measurements were conducted at pumping, injection, and observational wells to evaluate the hydrogeologic properties, identify the optimal recharge rate, and assess artificial recharge. Using a hydraulic test, a large difference in drawdown and salinity appeared at the radially located observational wells because of the difference in hydraulic connectivity between the wells in the small study area. It was concluded that the hydraulic anisotropy and heterogeneity of the alluvial aquifer should be carefully examined when locating an injection well and considering the efficient design of artificial recharge.
Highlights
Because of recent rapid climate change and natural hazards, the depletion of available water resources threatens stable water resource supplies throughout the world
For artificial recharge (AAR), a total of fourteen wells were drilled in the study area: one pumping well, six observation wells, four injection wells, and three multi-depth observation wells for geochemical monitoring
Groundwater levels of the observation wells (OBS-1, -2, -3, and -4 wells) at the same distance from the pumping well displayed highly dissimilar drawdown during the pumping test. This major difference in the drawdown of the observational wells was caused by highly variable hydraulic connectivity and different flow rates between the pumping well and the observation wells
Summary
Because of recent rapid climate change and natural hazards, the depletion of available water resources threatens stable water resource supplies throughout the world. Among the useful measures confronting this water resource deficiency is aquifer artificial recharge (AAR), which is being implemented in many countries and regions such as the U.S.A., Japan, Europe, Middle Asia, Africa, etc. AAR is an effective means to appropriately improve water quality in time and space [1]. Water Corporation first surveyed riverbank filtration sites for introducing the AAR technique in. Hamm et al [3,4] characterized the hydraulic properties of a riverbank filtration site in Changwon, Korea using groundwater modeling. Seo et al [5] hydrogeologically assessed potential sites for artificial recharge using a geographic information system (GIS). Kim et al [6] analyzed artificial recharge technologies and patents for providing water resources
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