Hydrogeochemistry of thermal waters of the Baikal Rift, South-Eastern Tuva, Russia

Anastasia Shestakova,Albina Khvaschevskaya,Kara-Kys Arakchaa,Yulia Kopylova,Natalia Guseva,O Chudaev,Y Kharaka,R Harmon,O Shouakar-Stash,R Millot

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20199807029

Anastasia Shestakova, Albina Khvaschevskaya + Show 8 more

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The spa resort of the Ush-Beldir is located in the south-eastern part of the Tuva region, Russia in the zone of influence of the Baikal rift. The Ush-Beldir territory has about 10 thermal springs and 4 exploration wells used for treatment and prevention of diseases. Hydrological and hydrochemical features of the thermal groundwaters are considered. The studied waters are thermal (T=50–83°C), alkaline (pH=9.3–10), low mineralized (TDS<370 mg/L) Na–НСО3 waters with a high content of SiO2 (up to 125 mg/L) and F (up to 14 mg/L). The correlation of F- with SiO2, НСО3–, Cl-, Na+ as well as the calculation of saturation indices of minerals, allows one plausible solute source for these thermal waters, viz. the dissolution of rock-forming aluminosilicates, most likely plagioclase, gabbro and/or amphiboles in shales.

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Thermal waters are typically distributed in zones of Alpine folding (OligoceneMiocene) and Cenozoic volcanic areas [1]
A large number of the thermal waters in Russia are concentrated in Kamchatka, Primorye, Caucasus, Baikal and the Rift Zone (BRZ)
Samples collected from the exploration wells are characterized by high temperatures varying from 72 to 83°C, waters with a lower temperature (50–75°C) are the natural spring waters, while the chemical composition of thermal waters in wells and springs are almost identical

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Thermal waters are typically distributed in zones of Alpine folding (OligoceneMiocene) and Cenozoic volcanic areas [1]. Geothermal systems and manifestations of thermal waters are well-known and common in many areas of the world such as Turkey, Mexico, China, Italy, and Russia, and their exploitation may be advantageous in terms of accessibility, distribution and cost. Thermal springs can be used directly as an energy source, in many countries, geothermal resources are used for bathing, heating, greenhouses [2, 3, 4]. A large number of the thermal waters in Russia are concentrated in Kamchatka, Primorye, Caucasus, Baikal and the Rift Zone (BRZ). Distinctive features of Na–НСО3 thermal waters are low total dissolved solids (overwhelmingly up to 1 g/L), almost exclusively the sodium composition of the cations, a high temperature, the alkaline reaction and the dominant nitrogen (N2) in gas composition

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