Abstract
The suitability of groundwater (GW) and the corresponding health risk caused by heavy metals become prime concerns in the recent era; so, the determination of GW quality most important for drinking, agricultural, and domestic purpose is the foremost responsibility of the concurrent researchers. Our study intends to develop an innovative approach to delineate the health hazard risk zone (HHRZ) association to the hydro chemical condition of available GW of the most prominent Indo-Bangladesh Ramsar region by coupling the groundwater quality measurement (GWQM), degree of concentration (Cd), and health risk index (HRI) with the help of hazard quotient (HQ) method. A total of 199 GW samples were collected from the Ramsar sites of both countries and twelve (12) significant physiochemical properties, namely Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrate (NO3−), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Phosphate (PO42−), Fluoride (F−), Chloride (Cl−), Sulphate (SO42−), pH, Arsenic (As) and Electoral conductivity (EC) considered as water quality and health hazard causative factors for this research work. This study also assesses the individual health of each parameter and anthropogenic pressure on this Ramsar region. The produced GWQM reveals that the GW of extensive areas in the eastern, north-east, central, and south-central zone is characterized by unfit for consumption (11.47%), very poor (14.27%), and poor (20.76%) categories; whereas, health hazard map also identified quite a similar zone for significant health risk and wide geographical area of Indo-Bangladesh Ramsar site fall under very high (17.49%), high (13.26%), moderate (7.91%) health risk zone. Therefore, our study will help the policymakers, and governments of both countries in ensuring the monitoring plans, strict water management policies, and adoption of health hazard mitigating measures to ensure the well beings of the exposed inhabitants of this coastal Ramsar site region.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.