Abstract
AbstractRiver Bhima is one of the major sources of water in the study area of the Jewargi taluka, Kalburgi district of Karnataka. The rural regions’ major livelihood depends on agriculture, and the main water source for drinking irrigation purposes is the surface water of the Bhima River. The Hydro-geo chemical parameters are an important aspect of classifying the quality of water for irrigation and domestic purposes. Surface water analysis from the Bhima river basin near Jewargi taluka Kalburgi district Karnataka was carried out from five sampling points along the river for a five-meter stretches of the river. The samples were collected once a week at every 1 m distance approximately during February to May, which is pre-monsoon, and October to January, which is the post-monsoon season in the year 2019. All these five samples were analysed for pH, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, Nitrate, Sulphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), Alkalinity, Sodium, Potassium as per the APHA manual. The concentration of ions of all the samples was determined by using hydro-geochemical analysis of Piper diagram, Gibb’s diagram, and USSL diagram. From the analysis, it is noticed that all the samples were moderately hard water and rock dominance during both pre- and post-monsoon season. According to Piper’s plots, the water samples belong to the permanent hardness that is Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl–\({\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\) types of water. As per USSL diagram, the surface water samples are of C3S1 type, which are not suitable for agriculture purposes because of its high salinity and low sodium water quality. Gibb’s diagram shows that the samples belong to rock dominance in both the seasons. Due to this rock dominance, the surface water is also influencing the characteristics of groundwater. Rock Weathering is the main source for this chemical composition of the Bhima river basin in the study area. The results showed that water is having a medium hardness in both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in all the five points of the study area. This study improves to know the present situation and study can be referred to improve the surface water quality of Bhima River in Jewargi taluka of Kalburgi district of Karnataka.KeywordsSurface waterPiper diagramGibb’s diagramHydro-geochemicalBhima river
Published Version
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