Hydroelectric dams and power demand in Malaysia: A planning perspective

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Abstract Rising energy demand and global commitment to reduce carbon emission have led to increasing share of renewable energy in electricity generation mix, particularly hydropower. In line with the global trend, Malaysia has endeavored to develop hydropower and this was demonstrated in the proposal of 12 mega dams in one single Bornean state of Malaysia under the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy. Two of the dams are currently operational and one is at its early stage of construction. The mega dams have raised much doubt at their inception in view of the cumulative social and environmental impacts they could bring. Commissioning of two mega dams was immediately followed by establishment of energy-intensive plants sparking further need for energy. This article therefore aims to examine the energy supply and demand scenario and discuss the available energy options. These are achieved via desktop study and literature review. It points to a lack of planning in energy utilization in relation to the industrial expansion aspired, which gives rise to a reactive response to mounting energy demand without due consideration to other potential energy options. This contrasts the strategic energy planning practiced in developed nations and the socio-energy systems design advocated by some researchers. This article calls for consideration of natural gas, biomass residues and solar power as potential energy options as well as a strategic and participatory governance in hydropower expansion.