Hydrodynamic aspects of tsunami wave motion: a review

Abstract

Since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and particularly after the 2011 Tohuku tsunami, there has been a significant increase of computer simulation using real-time data; however, there are evidences of failures in pre-disaster preparedness. The scientific challenges to mitigate tsunami hazards rely heavily on understanding the hydrodynamics of the motion. The problem with tsunami is that it grows beyond the natural boundaries of generation and covers many oceans confronting different physical parameters which not only makes it a real global event but also enhances the complexity of the event. In this article, one, the underlying physical phenomena of tsunami motion starting from generation to evolution is identified. Two, the linear and non-linear studies of wave propagation and the effect of several oceanic parameters to the basic motion are highlighted. Three, considering the importance of tsunami wave runup, its research both at the theoretical and computational level is thoroughly explained. Four, although the majority of tsunamis are earthquake or landslide generated, there are instances of tsunamis generated by other sources; a brief review in this regard is provided. Five, the importance of benchmark problems for developing modelling tools is imperative; an attempt is made to underscore the obstacles faced while implementing the new improvements in hazard mitigation. Six, new research avenues are explored based on lessons learned over the years.