Abstract
Potable water is one of the main sources for the sustainability and development of human life. The current study aimed to assess the hydrochemistry of water in the unified Kirkuk water project (as it supplies the neighborhoods of the city with drinking water) for the dry and wet season (2019-2020) and the efficiency of the plant in water purification. Eleven samples were collected for the dry and wet season (W1-W11) from raw water, before adding alum, after adding alum, sterilization basin, ground tanks and tap water. The major and minor elements (Ca+ 2, Mg+2, Na +, K +, HCO3-, SO4-2, Cl-, NO3-) were analyzed respectively. The chemical and physical properties are measured which include pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. The results showed that they are in conformity with the specifications of the World Health Organization and the Iraqi Standard Specifications for the two seasons (dry and wet), except for the turbidity concentration in raw water for the two seasons, which was higher than the permissible limits due to weathering and erosion of geological layers as well as washing of agricultural lands and soils with rainwater. The application of the Water Quality Index indicated that the raw water samples were not suitable for drinking as they were classified under the category (unsuitable water), while the treated water samples were classified under the category (good water) for the dry and wet seasons.
Highlights
Freshwater is one of the main natural resources for the survival and development of living organisms (Jiang et al, 2020) and plays an inevitable role in the development of various sectors of the economy, including agriculture, livestock production, forestry, industrial electricity generation, fisheries and other innovative sectors (Benjad and Olyaie, 2011), its importance lies primarily with human life, as it is considered a source of drinking water and due to its importance there is a need to conduct a hydro-chemical study of water in water treatment plants as it, directly and indirectly, affects human health, to provide water of good quality
The average concentration of Electrical conductivity (EC) for the dry and wet seasons (355.9μs/cm) and (367.27μs/cm), respectively (Table 4), The results showed an increase in the electrical conductivity values of the wet season compared with the dry season in all water samples due to the influence of the nature of the different sources that could be thrown into the river water in addition to the geological situation of the area (Kannah et al, 2018)
The average concentration of EC for the dry and wet seasons (12.59NTU) and (25.37 NTU), respectively (Table 4) The results showed that the concentrations of turbidity in raw water were higher than wet season compared to the dry season due to rainfalls and agricultural activities (Hassan and Al-Shamaa, 2018), while their concentration in the samples of treated water was less than raw water, which indicates the plant's good efficiency to removing turbidity
Summary
Freshwater is one of the main natural resources for the survival and development of living organisms (Jiang et al, 2020) and plays an inevitable role in the development of various sectors of the economy, including agriculture, livestock production, forestry, industrial electricity generation, fisheries and other innovative sectors (Benjad and Olyaie, 2011), its importance lies primarily with human life, as it is considered a source of drinking water and due to its importance there is a need to conduct a hydro-chemical study of water in water treatment plants as it, directly and indirectly, affects human health, to provide water of good quality. The concept of water quality index (WQI) to illustrate water quality was first proposed by Horten (1965), as it is an important technique for assessing water quality and suitability for drinking purposes (Khudair and Al-Musawi, 2018; Awadh et al, 2016). It is defined as a mathematical equation that classifies water based on the most physiochemical properties affecting water quality (Fatah et al, 2020).
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