Abstract
To evaluate potential monitoring sites as well as useful ions which are capable of serving as earthquake precursors, ten subsurface water bodies in different tectonic domains in southwestern, northern and northeastern Taiwan were selected. They included the deep circulation of hot springs, shallower artesian springs and groundwater. Most of the hot springs clearly show chemical anomalies which correlate with earthquake events during the monitoring periods. Against this, the groundwater does not correspond to any events. Hot springs from deeper reservoirs are superior to artesian springs and groundwater from shallower reservoirs. The artesian spring from the smaller subsurface water body is superior to the groundwater from larger reservoirs. Aside from this, anions, especially chloride, outperform cations as geochemical precursors for earthquake monitoring. It is unambiguous that the major factors that determine the usefulness of chemical anomalies in the waters for earthquake precursory monitoring are the kinds, the depths and the size of reservoirs and the ion species of the subsurface water bodies.
Highlights
Besides being the most unpredictable events known to mankind, earthquakes are undeniably the most destructive hazards in nature
What is necessary to bear in mind, is that the choice of the best working sites and the most useful ions underpins the effectiveness of earthquake precursory monitoring
This paper presents the results from the 5-year evaluation of potential sites with hot and artesian springs and groundwater wells in southwestern, northern and northeastern Taiwan
Summary
Besides being the most unpredictable events known to mankind, earthquakes are undeniably the most destructive hazards in nature. In countries with high seismicity, to monitor data on cations, anions and transitional metals in groundwater is to frequently obtain highly constructive information for earthquake prediction (Barsukov et al 1984/1985; Guiru et al.1984/1985; Koizumi et al 1985; Tsunogai and Wakita 1995, 1996; Toutain et al 1997; Satake et al 2002; Song et al 2003, 2005; Claesson et al 2004) Such solid evidence notwithstanding, it is not always the rule that chemical anomalies are sensitive enough to serve as earthquake precursors at monitoring sites. It suggests guidelines as to the best way to choose such monitoring sites
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