Abstract
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) and tail-gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP) of biomass produce partially deoxygenated bio-oils (10–20 wt % O) which allow for subsequent separation into phenolic and hydrocarbon fractions. The hydrocarbon fraction, while low in oxygen (<2 wt %), still requires further upgrading to become a finished fuel blendstock. In particular, the hydrogen deficiency, molecular weight distribution, and benzene content require further treatment. Specific biomass feedstocks like guayule carry over significant amounts of sulfur (∼500 ppm) even after catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. Our strategy was to fractionate the hydrocarbon fraction using distillation and then upgrade each fraction according to its needed product changes, including desulfurization. For each hydrocarbon fraction, sulfur levels ranged from 80–700 ppm, increasing with respect to decreasing volatility. Light fractions contained primarily one-ring aromatics, with heavy fractions increasing to two-ring aromatics. The lightest fractio...
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