Abstract
This paper presents, for the first time, the hybrid use of loading techniques (which involve terminating the spiral arms with different structures to give a resistive or capacitive effect) and a novel technique of cavity groove in order to enhance the performance of two-arm, cavity-backed, 2–18 GHz spiral antenna. The antenna is made on Duroid 5880 and has the smallest form factor (50 mm diameter), meeting all the performance metrics, which are targeted for efficient performance of a spiral antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. Measured results match the simulated results and show that by the utilization of hybrid loading and cavity groove, the gain is increased by a factor of 3.65 dBi and the axial ratio is improved by 2.73 dB at (2 GHz) as compared to a simple Archimedean antenna made on Duroid 5880, without increasing the size. The proposed antenna shows 2.25 dB more gain and improved axial ratio performance as compared to a simple Archimedean spiral antenna made on Tmm4, without the utilization of the hybrid techniques proposed earlier in the literature.
Highlights
Spiral antennas are circularly polarized (CP) antennas having very large bandwidth
By the utilization of hybrid loading and cavity groove technique, we present the design of the smallest form factor with significant performance enhancement in gain by a factor of 3.65 dBi and axial ratio improved by 2.27 dB as compared to a simple Archimedean spiral antenna, in an affordable, easy-to-fabricate design
Using cavity groove and the other two mentioned techniques altogether, we were able to improve the performance of the spiral antenna throughout the band, while maintaining the smallest form factor, with gain increased by 3.65 dBi and axial ratio improved by 2.27 dB at 2 GHz as compared to a simple Archimedean spiral antenna that does not utilize these techniques
Summary
Spiral antennas are circularly polarized (CP) antennas having very large bandwidth. they are suitable to be used in applications such as wideband communication, navigation, and monitoring of the frequency spectrum [1]. Other easy-to-fabricate designs involve equiangular geometries [4] with tapering and meandering the spiral at its ends [5] Careful utilization of these techniques can lead to either miniaturization or performance enhancement of the spiral antenna for a fixed antenna footprint. By the utilization of hybrid loading and cavity groove technique, we present the design of the smallest form factor with significant performance enhancement in gain by a factor of 3.65 dBi and axial ratio improved by 2.27 dB as compared to a simple Archimedean spiral antenna, in an affordable, easy-to-fabricate design. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the detailed design flow, starting from the design guidelines and utilization of performance enhancement techniques, leading to modelling and fabrication of the spiral antenna.
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