Abstract
A measurable quadrature of a squeezed quantum state manifests a small uncertainty below the Heisenberg limit. This phenomenon has the potential to enable several extraordinary applications in quantum information, metrology and sensing, and other fields. Several techniques have been implemented to realize squeezed electromagnetic states, including microwave fields and optical fields. However, hybrid squeezed modes (that incorporate both microwave and optical fields) have not yet been proposed despite their vital functionality to combine the two worlds of quantum superconducting systems and photonics systems. In this work, for the first time, we propose a novel approach to achieve two-mode squeezing of microwave and optical fields using graphene based structure. The proposed scheme includes a graphene layered structure that is driven by a quantum microwave voltage and subjected to two optical fields of distinct frequencies. By setting the optical frequency spacing equal to the microwave frequency, an interaction occurs between the optical and microwave fields through electrical modulation of the graphene conductivity. We show that significant hybrid two-mode squeezing, that includes one microwave field and one optical field, can be achieved. Furthermore, the microwave frequency can be tuned over a vast range by modifying the operation parameters.
Highlights
A measurable quadrature of a squeezed quantum state manifests a small uncertainty below the Heisenberg limit
We propose a novel scheme for hybrid two-mode squeezing of microwave and optical fields
We show that hybrid two-mode squeezing—that includes microwave field and optical field—can be achieved with a peak squeezing gain of 36 dB over about 2 MHz fluctuation spectrum bandwidth
Summary
The averages can be solved in the steady state for a given decay coefficient, i.e., Ŵj , and classical field component, i.e., α1. Ŵ2 slightly change with the microwave frequency (as the optical fields are off-resonant with the layered graphene medium). Under this condition, squeezing can be extended to over a larger microwave frequency range by controlling the coupling rate against the microwave frequency. The coupling rate can be controlled by modifying the electron density of the graphene layers. It follows squeezing can be extended against the microwave frequency range for proper combinations of ωm and effective electron density. If the coupling rate is constant (against the microwave frequency) at
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