Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) is becoming a promising technology of wireless communications, and the co-deployment of radio frequency (RF) and VLC technologies has been investigated in indoor environments to achieve high data rate communications. To explore the benefits of employing both technologies, it is of considerable significance to design intelligent RF/VLC resource management algorithms. In this study, we investigate a new heterogeneous network spectrum allocation scheme based on the cooperative bargaining theory. According to the fundamental concepts of asymmetric Nash, Kalai-Smorodinsky and egalitarian bargaining solutions, we can leverage a mutual consensus to provide a fair-efficient solution. Furthermore, four different allocation rules are adopted to estimate the asymmetry of network agents. Using our step-by-step interactive bargaining method, disproportionate agents are coordinated to effectively share the RF and VLC spectrum resources. It is an essential approach to find the relevant trade-off between conflicting requirements while dynamically responding the hybrid RF/VLC system environment. Numerical simulation results are conducted to corroborate the superiority in performance of the proposed scheme as compared to that obtained with existing state-of-the-art RF/VLC spectrum allocation algorithms.
Highlights
Past century has witnessed industrial revolution and Internet revolution, and century will be dominated by the fourthindustrial revolution, better known as Industry 4.0, which focuses heavily on interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data communications
● We study the basic ideas of asymmetric Nash, KalaiSmorodinsky and egalitarian bargaining solutions and investigate four most prominent allocation rules to estimate the asymmetry of game entities
The main goal in this paper is to investigate a cooperative load balancing issue for a hybrid Visible light communication (VLC)-radio frequency (RF) system, where a salient problem is the appropriate formation of VLC cells
Summary
Past century has witnessed industrial revolution and Internet revolution, and century will be dominated by the fourthindustrial revolution, better known as Industry 4.0, which focuses heavily on interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data communications. Achievable data rates vary with spatial fluctuations To overcome these drawbacks, several researches have recently been focused on the VLC technology with conventional RF communications; it is practically feasible as RF and VLC systems can coexist. Game theoretic approach is an important paradigm to efficiently allocate the limited network resource This approach can maximize the system performance under diversified communication environments [11]. To design a new spectrum allocation scheme, our major objective is to effectively share the limited spectrum resources while optimizing social welfare For satisfying this goal, multiple IIoT devices work together and act cooperatively under dynamically changing system conditions. Under HetNets environments, IIoT devices participate in a step-bystep interactive bargaining process to effectively share the RF and VLC spectrum resources. ● Through the numerical simulation analysis, it is found that our proposed scheme can lead to an improvement of more than 10% and 20% in the achievable system throughput, device’s payoff and fairness as compared to that obtained with the existing state-of-the art protocols
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