Abstract
Nano coolants have been attracting various researchers for efficient heat transfer agents. The efficacy of nanofluids as nano coolants is reviewed in the present study. The addition of nanoparticles to existing coolant fluids can enhance their heat transfer performance. Conventionally water and ethylene glycol are used as engine radiator coolants. The addition of ethylene glycol is needed to increase the boiling point of the water and decrease the freezing point. The convention also seems to be a crucial factor for heat exchanger performance. This is a requirement for vehicles that are being used under harsh weather conditions. Different types of nanoparticles used as nano coolants SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cu/CuO, G/GO, CNT, and Hybrid nanoparticles, were extensively illustrated. Finally, nanofluids applications in the past decade were included. As many researchers have shown, they can be used to enhance radiator performance as well. In this review paper, studies of heat transfer performance of various Nanofluids as nano coolants conducted by researchers are studied. Finally, a conclusion is presented.
Highlights
Since the last few decades' different base fluids with nanoparticles have become the most important and firmly investigated nanoparticles for engineering applications, there are several advantages found in fluid-based nanoparticles, such as higher mobility, low erosion, thermal connectivity, and high stability
Hybrid nanofluid is a novel period of nanofluids contrived by dissolving two, unlike nanoparticles, into straight hightemperature handover fluid
The volume concentration of a nanoparticle is set between the range of 0 to 1 vol % and a variety of temperatures starting from 10°C to 50°C to verify the influence of volume concentration on viscosity, specific heat, density, and thermal conductivity of nanofluid as in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the result verified that thermal conductivity as well as viscosity, the density of a nanofluid increase proportionally with the increment in volume concentrations (Elias et al, 2014)
Summary
Nanofluid is produced by dissolving Nanoscaled particles into a base liquid such as water and ethylene glycol. When metal nanoparticles are dispersed into the carrier/base liquids, the heat transfer efficiency of the fluid compared to the carrier liquid increases itself (Peng et al, 2008). Due to their small size, usually less than 100 nm, nanoparticles fluidize inside the base fluid, and clogging and erosion in channels are no longer a problem. These particles contain only a few thousand atoms and possess substantially different properties from their nurture materials. Reduction for cooling nuclear systems, space and defence due to the restriction of space and heat exchangers to improve heat transfer rates in the fuel cell, Solar water heaters, chillers, domestic refrigerators, and lubricants in machining
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