Abstract
The mobility industry has experienced a fast evolution towards electric-based transport in recent years. Recently, hybrid electric vehicles, which combine electric and conventional combustion systems, have become the most popular alternative by far. This is due to longer autonomy and more extended refueling networks in comparison with the recharging points system, which is still quite limited in some countries. This paper aims to conduct a literature review on thermodynamic models of heat engines used in hybrid electric vehicles and their respective configurations for series, parallel and mixed powertrain. It will discuss the most important models of thermal energy in combustion engines such as the Otto, Atkinson and Miller cycles which are widely used in commercial hybrid electric vehicle models. In short, this work aims at serving as an illustrative but descriptive document, which may be valuable for multiple research and academic purposes.
Highlights
Introduction and Thermodynamic CyclesThermoNowadays, low pollutant mobility throughout the world is being substantially developed and promoted, especially focusing on the automotive segment [1,2]
The Toyota Prius supposes a notorious example of this kind of hybridization level
The Atkinson cycle is relatively ideal for a hybrid vehicle since the internal combustion engine with this cycle has greater efficiency in thermal energy, but at the cost of low power [55]
Summary
A powertrain system for a vehicle in general requires to meet a series of. There is the possibility shows the overall energy flowsand in a electric hybrid powertrain In this 2case, there is the possibility and an electric motor, batteries etc. Figure schematically the of operating two powertrains according to motor, load requirements. In the case of the vehicle overall energy flows in a hybrid powertrain In this case, there is the possibility of operating with gasoline hybridization comprising ICE, battery system and electric motor, the path withpowertrains gasoline hybridization. The path 2 corresponds to the purely electric power demand of the vehicle. Path 2at can bespeed conducted in reverse mode when the batteries are is switched forThe example, low or in zero pollutant emission zones [38]. Either on the basis of the hybridization level or according to its architecture [39,40]
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