Hybrid Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticle: A Novel Multifunctional Biomimetic Drug Delivery Carrier for Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Biomimetic nanotechnology through camouflaging synthetic nanoparticles with natural cell membranes, which bestows with immune evasion and superior targeting capacity, has been extensively applied in drug delivery systems (DDS) over the last decades. Theses biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) not only reserve the physicochemical features of the synthetic vehicles but also inherit the cell membranes' intrinsic functionalities. Combined with these benefits, optimized nano-biomimetic DDS allow maximum delivery efficacy. Compared to erythrocyte/cancer single cell membrane, the hybrid cell membranes expressing CD47 membrane protein and self-recognition molecules, from erythrocytes and cancer cells, provides incredible features to the synthetic vehicles, such as immune evasion, long-term circulation, and homotypic targeting. In this review, we described the preparation strategies, the camouflaging mechanism, and the antitumor applications of hybrid cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles. Moreover, we discussed further modification of the hybrid cell membranes and the surface properties of fusion cellular membranes. Finally, we summarized the primary challenges and opportunities associated with these nanoparticles.