Abstract
Hybrid carbon-TiO2 spheres (TiO2/C spheres) were prepared via the CVD method in the atmosphere of benzene vapours at 800–1000 °C. Structure and morphology of prepared hybrid composites were examined by means of SEM, TEM, XPS, TG, Raman spectroscopy, XRD and UV–Vis/DRS methods. The SEM and TEM analysis confirmed the presence of uncovered rutile crystallites as well as the different forms of carbon-modified TiO2 forms: rutile TiO2/C spheres and thin flakes of graphite and thin graphene sheets. The average thickness of the typical spheres varied between 30 and 40 nm for samples prepared at lower temperatures (800–900 °C), but the carbon core-shell thickness could be even up to 100 nm for samples obtained at 950–1000 °C. The XPS, TG, Raman spectroscopy and XRD measurements allowed to characterize in detail the carbonaceous nature of carbon layers of the fabricated spheres, indicating the graphitic character of TiO2/C hybrids.
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