Abstract
The Li-ion battery is of paramount importance to electric vehicles (EVs). Propelled by the rapid growth of the EV industry, the performance of the battery is continuously improving. However, Li-ion batteries are susceptible to the working temperature and only obtain the optimal performance within an acceptable temperature range. Therefore, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is required to ensure EVs’ safe operation. There are various basic methods for BTMS, including forced-air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material (PCM), heat pipe (HP), thermoelectric cooling (TEC), etc. Every method has its unique application condition and characteristic. Furthermore, based on basic BTMS, more hybrid cooling methods adopting different basic methods are being designed to meet EVs’ requirements. In this work, the hybrid BTMS, as a more reliable and environmentally friendly method for the EVs, will be compared with basic BTMS to reveal its advantages and potential. By analyzing its cost, efficiency and other aspects, the evaluation criterion and design suggestions are put forward to guide the future development of BTMS.
Highlights
As a substitute for fossil-fueled vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) have advantages such as low pollution and high efficiency [1]
If the direct contact flow channels go through a thermal conductive structure (TCS) that attaches to the battery mode only involves single phase, it is similar to forced-air cooling
If phase change material (PCM) is adopted in BTM, there is a need to design the shape of PCM to cover the battery cells, which achieves better thermal performance and less energy consumption
Summary
As a substitute for fossil-fueled vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) have advantages such as low pollution and high efficiency [1]. To hold batteries’ working temperature within an appropriate range and improve temperature uniformity are the primary goals of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) in EVs. Researchers and manufacturers have designed and tested different kinds of BTMS to solve this problem. The temperature on the battery surface needs to be evaluated combined with the temperature profile inside the battery. BTMS, particular structures will be attached on the battery surface to achieve a higher heat transfer capacity between the battery and the outer space, such as PCM [30] and heat pipe [31]. Active BTMS has a more powerful heat dissipation capacity by consuming more energy and adopting complex devices. TEC is in the section used in hybrid BTMS to improve the battery module surface’s local heat transfer capability. Importantly, the disadvantages of basic BTMS and corresponding solutions will be summarized
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