Abstract
Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely distributed in the human body, and it is heavily involved in many physiological functions such as tissue hydration, wound repair, and cell migration. In recent years, HA and its derivatives have been widely used as advanced bioactive polymers for bone regeneration. Many medical products containing HA have been developed because this natural polymer has been proven to be nontoxic, noninflammatory, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Moreover, HA-based composite scaffolds have shown good potential for promoting osteogenesis and mineralization. Recently, many HA-based biomaterials have been fabricated for bone regeneration by combining with electrospinning and 3D printing technology. In this review, the polymer structures, processing, properties, and applications in bone tissue engineering are summarized. The challenges and prospects of HA polymers are also discussed.
Highlights
Hyaluronic acid (HA), known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate, exists in all body fluids and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of many tissues [1,2]
The results demonstrated that the injectable hydrogel system promoted bone regeneration [67]
The results showed that hybrid hydrogel achieved a sustained release of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-2 for more than 1 month in vitro
Summary
Hyaluronic acid (HA), known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate, exists in all body fluids and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of many tissues [1,2]. It is responsible for regulating tissue hydration and adjusting the viscoelasticity of some body fluids, such as synovial fluid in the joint cavity [3]. Bone substitutes fabricated by the tissue-engineered methods are rapidly becoming promising alternatives for the treatment of bone defects [15,16]. Owing to its favorable biochemical properties, HA, as well as other common natural polymers such as alginate, This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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