Abstract
Cancer is a major global public health problem and conventional chemotherapy has several adverse effects and deficiencies. As a valuable option for chemotherapy, nanomedicine requires novel agents to increase the effects of antineoplastic drugs in multiple cancer models. Since its discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are intensively investigated for their use as carriers in drug delivery applications. This study shows the development of a nanovector generated with commercial carbon nanotubes (cCNTs) that were oxidized (oxCNTs) and chemically functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) and loaded with carboplatin (CPT). The nanovector, oxCNTs–HA–CPT, was used as a treatment against HeLa and MDA–MB-231 human tumor cell lines. The potential antineoplastic impact of the fabricated nanovector was evaluated in human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and mammary adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231). The oxCNTs–HA–CPT nanovector demonstrate to have a specific antitumor effect in vitro. The functionalization with HA allows that nanovector bio–directed towards tumor cells, while the toxicity effect is attributed mainly to CPT in a dose-dependent manner.
Highlights
Cancer is defined as the set of diseases in which abnormal cells grow, multiply uncontrollably, and can invade adjacent tissues or spread through the blood or lymphatic system and metastasize [1]
Subtle dottings can be visualized when zooming in the interior of the oxidized CNTs (oxCNTs)–hyaluronic acid (HA)–CPT nanovectors; this is attributed to the loading of CPT into the oxCNTs–HA nanostructures (Figure 1A, right)
The present study showed that the oxCNTs–HA–CPT nanovector is selective against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and MDA-MB-231 due to the increased binding to the CD44 receptor and subsequent endocytosis
Summary
Cancer is defined as the set of diseases in which abnormal cells grow, multiply uncontrollably, and can invade adjacent tissues or spread through the blood or lymphatic system and metastasize [1]. Cancer is the second cause of death globally, producing 1 of. Current cancer therapies include surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormonal therapy, and/or chemotherapy [3], and their use depends on the nature, location, and stage of the tumor. Carboplatin (CPT) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used for various types of cancer; its use is restricted due to the severe adverse effects. To avoid these effects, it is necessary to reduce the dose of the drug, which may reduce the effectiveness to treat the original problem [4]. Under several circumstances, the adverse effects cause considerable complications, including insensitivity to anticancer therapy and acquiring the so-called chemoresistance [5]
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