Humoral immune responses and gill antioxidant-related gene expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to lufenuron and flonicamide.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of borax and sleeve gastrectomy on mRNA expression of antioxidant genes in substantia nigra tissue of obese rats. Methods: Obese rats were fed with a high-fat diet containing 40% additional fat to the diet. Rats were allocated into four groups in random, which were normal rats (Group I) (n=14), obese rats subjected to SG (Group II) (n=14), obese rats subjected to borax (Group III) (n=14), and obese rats subjected to SG and borax (Group IV) (n=14). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene expressions were determined by polymerase chain reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Results: When normal rats (Group I), and obese rats subjected to SG (Group II) were compared, a decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in Group II. When obese rats subjected to borax (Group III) were compared with Group I and Group II, a decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in Group III. This phenomenon demonstrates that borax and SG both decrease expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes. Furthermore, the most significant decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in obese rats subjected to SG and borax (Group IV) when compared to other three study groups. Conclusion: The borax decreases molecular obesity and consequently increases the expressions of Catalase, SOD and GST genes. These data show decrease of Catalase, SOD and GST genes in the substantia nigra tissue of obese rats, consistent with the possibility that these changes may contribute to disease pathogenesis.

Modification of gene expression by dietary antioxidants in radiation-induced apoptosis of mice splenocytes

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extract on growth performance, immune responses, and gene expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Four experimental diets (V‐0, V‐0.25, V‐0.5, and V‐1) containing 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% valerian extract were administered for 30 days. Dietary supplementation did not significantly influence growth performance (p > 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity remained unchanged except in the high‐dose group (V‐1), while malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was significantly reduced in the V‐0.25 group (p < 0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity increased in the V‐1 group (p < 0.05), whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity decreased in the V‐0.25 group (p < 0.05). Albumin (ALB) levels were elevated in the V‐1 group (p < 0.05), while globulin (GLB) levels increased in all valerian‐supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Creatinine (CRT) levels rose significantly only in the V‐1 group (p < 0.05), and cholesterol levels decreased in the 0.5% and 1% groups (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed an increase in interleukin‐1 beta (IL-1β) expression in the V‐0.5 group (p < 0.05) but reductions in IL-10 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the V‐0.25 group (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) gene expression levels significantly decreased in the groups fed with 0.25% and 0.5% valerian extract (p < 0.05), while catalase (CAT) gene expression levels significantly decreased in the groups fed with 0.25% and 0.5% valerian extract (p < 0.05). GPX gene expression levels declined across all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene expression showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of valerian extract as a functional feed additive. However, further research with extended feeding durations and varying doses is required to understand its physiological effects in aquaculture better.

The enhancement of the growth rate, intestinal health, expression of immune-related genes, and resistance against suboptimal water temperature in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by dietary paraprobiotics

This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effect of Artemisia argyi powder (AAP). 240 mixed-sex one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into five treatment groups, each consisting of six replicates (one replicate per cage) with eight broilers per replicate. Broilers were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g AAP per kg feed, respectively. The hepatic and intestinal samples were collected on d 21 and 42 for analysis of antioxidant indices and antioxidative enzyme gene expression. The in vitro results showed that the scavenging activity of Artemisia argyi against •OH and DPPH were 34.99±1.11% and 74.12±0.50%, respectively; the ferric reducing power was 2.58±0.03%. The in vivo results showed that dietary 20 g/kg of AAP significantly enhanced the hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, also decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content; dietary10 g/kg of AAP significantly increased the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT on d 42. For the duodenum, 10 g/kg of AAP increased SOD activity (P<0.05), and reduced MDA level (P<0.05) on d 21; the gene expression of CAT and SOD were increased in the 20 g/kg of AAP treatment compared with the control group on d 42. For the jejunum, on d 21, the T-AOC level was increased by inclusion of 10 g/kg of AAP, and CAT activity was enhanced significantly at 5, 10, and 20 g/kg of AAP group; dietary AAP significantly decreased MDA level at the concentration of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg in contrast with control group on d 42; 5 and 20 g/kg of AAP increased the gene expression of SOD on d 21, and the gene expression of GSH-Px was increased (P<0.05) in 10 g/kg of AAP group on d 42. For the ileum, compared to the control group, 2.5 and 20 g/kg of AAP increased SOD activity (P<0.05); and dietary 10 and 20 g/kg of AAP significantly reduced MDA level; dietary 10 g/kg of AAP increased the gene expression of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in broilers on d 42. In conclusion, dietary AAP could improve the antioxidant defenses of liver and small intestine, and the best concentration of the AAP improving hepatic and small intestinal antioxidant status was 20 g/kg and 10 g/kg, respectively.

Hepatoprotective effects of dietary Artemisia (Artemisia annua) leaf extract on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to ambient ammonia

Effect of dietary nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and gene expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (commNTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in treadmill trained rats

Background Oxidative stress is an important cause of liver disease and atherosclerosis. Natural substances with antioxidant activity are good drugs for treating liver disease and atherosclerosis. Trichosanthes kirilowii Peel Polysaccharide (TKPP) can remove DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals in vitro, which shows antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is speculated that it can protect human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and umbilical artery smooth muscle cell (HUASMC) against oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methods Oxidative damage cell models of HepG2 and HUASMC were induced by H2O2. HepG2 and HUASMC were divided into blank group, H2O2 injury group, TKPP treatment group, and glutathione (GSH) positive control group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability. The level of total GSH and the amount of Nitric oxide (NO) secreted by cells were detected by specific kits. The gene and protein expressions of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western Blot. Results In these two kinds of cells, compared with the control group, the survival rate, total GSH level, and NO secretion, CAT and SOD gene and protein expressions were significantly decreased in the H2O2 damaged group. In the TKPP treatment group, the cell survival rate was significantly elevated with the increase of the polysaccharide concentration, and the total GSH level, NO secretion, CAT and SOD gene expression, and protein expression levels were also significantly increased. Conclusion TKPP can improve the activities of HepG2 and HUASMC cells damaged by H2O2 and protect the cellular antioxidant system.

Cytotoxic and antioxidant capacity of camel milk peptides: Effects of isolated peptide on superoxide dismutase and catalase gene expression

Background:Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterial infection threatening the aquaculture industry.Aim:The current work was performed to scrutinize the impacts of A. hydrophila infection on the occurrence of mortalities, altering the clinical picture of fish, antioxidants-associated gene expression, and histopathological architecture of the Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis niloticus.Methods:Juvenile fishes including C. carpio, n = 60, and O. niloticus, n = 60 were haphazardly alienated into the control group (uninfected) and infected group with 100 μl of A. hydrophila. Mortalities and clinical signs were recorded during the experiment. Samples of liver, kidney, and spleen were collected post-infection for 7 days to monitor the expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase genes, plus the assessment of histopathology.Results:The rate of mortalities was higher in C. carpio compared to O. niloticus. Additionally, infected O. niloticus revealed red eyes and erythema, while C. carpio showed exophthalmia and severe skin ulceration with exposure to viscera. The gene expression indicators showed that A. hydrophila significantly declined on the 1st day and the 7th day after infection, but significantly increased (p < 0.05) on the 3rd day compared to their respective control groups for C. carpio. Meanwhile, O. niloticus significantly regulated gene expression (p < 0.05) in the control groups. The histological picture indicated that the liver is the most affected organ. Moreover, C. carpio exhibited more disruption in histological architecture related to O. niloticus.Conclusion:Overall, A. hydrophila is extremely virulent and results in higher mortalities, profound clinical manifestations, down-regulation in the gene expression, and histopathological alterations in the hepato-renal and splenic tissues of C. carpio and O. niloticus. Cyprinus carpio was more adversely affected by the infection compared to O. niloticus. However, O. niloticus revealed higher gene expression, particularly in the spleen, and the genes were more expressed in comparison to C. carpio.

Inflammatory-mediated pathway in association with organochlorine pesticides levels in the etiology of idiopathic preterm birth

Obesity-related kidney diseases require an effective approach to avert high fat-diet induced renal damage through oxidative stress. The aim of present study was to evaluate antioxidative strength and protective effects of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaf-water extract (DLWE) on kidney in Wistar rats. In this study rats were either fed with control diet or control diet with DLWE or high-fat diet or high-fat diet with DLWE for 16 weeks. The body and kidney weight, oxidative status (lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants) and gene expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase were assessed. High fat-diet fed rats showed changes in body and kidney weights, increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in ferric reducing antioxidant power, vitamin C, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase indicating a higher oxidative stress index. At molecular level, high fat-diet caused a significant reduction in gene expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase which was overcome by DLWE supplementation. The oral supplementation of DLWE restored oxidative stress in high fat-diet fed rats. The diet restored lipid peroxidation and kidney antioxidants to control group level. It seems that DLWE has therapeutic potential, so be developed as a supplement to prevent obesity and related oxidative stress.

In the present study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were fed with diet supplemented with 0% (M0) or 0.5% (M0.5) myrcene for 6 week and exposed to ambient copper (0.2 mg/L) for further 2 weeks. Gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione reductase (gr) and glutathione S-transferase (gst) were assayed in the fish brain and kidney, and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS) levels were determined in blood plasma. The results showed that there was no significant difference in TBARS levels between the M0 and M0.5 treatments, before the copper exposure; however, the M0 had significantly higher TBARS levels compared to the M0.5, after the copper exposure. The antioxidant genes showed different patterns in the fish brain and kidney. The genes were up-regulated in the fish brain by dietary myrcene and copper exposure. However, in the fish kidney, the M0.5 treatment showed no change in sod, cat, gpx before and after the copper exposure. The results suggest that myrcene is capable to induce antioxidant enzymes that prepare the fish for a further oxidative condition (i.e. copper exposure). Dietary myrcene at 0.5% level is suggested for common carp before treatment with copper sulphate.

The present study was designed to determine the radioprotective effects of Malaysian Gelam honey on gene expression and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) subjected to gamma-irradiation. Six groups of HDFs were studied: untreated control, irradiated HDFs, Gelam honey-treated HDFs and HDF treated with Gelam honey pre-, during- and post-irradiation. HDFs were treated with 6 mg/mL of sterilized Gelam honey (w/v) for 24 h and exposed to 1 Gray (Gy) of gamma rays at the dose rate of 0.25 Gy/min. Gamma-irradiation was shown to down-regulate SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPx1 gene expressions (p < 0.05). Conversely, HDFs treated with Gelam honey alone showed up-regulation of all genes studied. Similarly, SOD, CAT and GPx enzyme activities in HDFs decreased with gamma-irradiation and increased when cells were treated with Gelam honey (p < 0.05). Furthermore, of the three different stages of study treatment, pre-treatment with Gelam honey caused up-regulation of SOD1, SOD2 and CAT genes expression and increased the activity of SOD and CAT. As a conclusion, Gelam honey modulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes at gene and protein levels in irradiated HDFs indicating its potential as a radioprotectant agent.