Abstract
The binary TiO2–ZrO2 particles were better alternative to TiO2 particles as photocatalyst to reduce humic acid fouling in photocatalytic membrane reactor. The structure of the TiO2–ZrO2 particles was strongly dependent upon the content of zirconium as an additive. A composition of 50% TiO2 with 50% ZrO2 was optimal in terms of physicochemical properties. The effect of TiO2–ZrO2 particles on the reduction of humic acid fouling was further improved by the presence of divalent cations such as calcium. Nevertheless, the stability of polymeric membranes in longer-term operation using a hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor for water treatment applications may remain a challenge.
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