Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently considered to be a major etiologic factor, in addition to tobacco and alcohol, for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) development. HPV positive OPCs are epidemiologically distinct from HPV negative ones, and are characterized by younger age at onset, male predominance, and strong association with sexual behaviors. HPV16 is the most prevalent types in oral cavity cancer (OCC), moreover the prevalence of beta, and gamma HPV types is higher than that of alpha HPV in oral cavity.
Highlights
During the last decade increasing attention has been paid to the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the oral cavity and to its correlation with the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)
In 1933 Shope linked the presence of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) to cutaneous papillomatosis in rabbits, and Peyton Rous studied the conversion of papilloma to squamous cell carcinoma in rabbits
In all papillomaviruses we found a long control region (LCR) located between L1 and the beginning of the first ORF1 in the early region (E6 in the case of BPV1 and in the most human papillomaviruses)
Summary
During the last decade increasing attention has been paid to the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the oral cavity and to its correlation with the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). This review provides an overview of the data available in the literature concerning HPV infection in the oropharynx, with particular attention to the prevalence of HPV by making a distinction between the alpha, beta and gamma HPV genera. In the last part a description of the methods for detection of beta, gamma, mu, nu HPV is provided to give useful information on the performance and characteristics of diagnostic systems used for the detection of genotypes belonging to these genera, which according to recent work would seem to be more prevalent than alpha HPVs in the oral cavity
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