Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Infection In Rural And Tribal Populations Of The World With A Special Focus On The Prevalence In India

Abstract

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is one of the major causes of cervical cancer which is one of the common causes of death in women across the globe and is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women representing 7.5% of female cancer deaths globally and more than 85% of these occur in underdeveloped regions. In India, cervical cancer is responsible for the highest cancer deaths among women which can be attributed to multiple pregnancies, open relationships, inadequate sanitation and cleanliness, behavioral habit and lifestyle, smoking, poor nutrition, and long-term contraceptive use. These factors have been associated as risk factors for cervical cancer. This review discusses issues faced by women in tribal and rural areas of India due to poor economic conditions, different lifestyles to mainstream population, sociocultural behavior and lack of access to healthcare facilities. The review also focusses on the tribal populations of the world and the prevalence rates in these tribal groups. The current initiatives taken by government and non-government organizations (NGOs) to prevent and control the HPV infection and reduce the cervical cancer burden have also been highlighted. The review emphasizes the urgent need for preferential care for women in rural and tribal communities of the world.