Human Capital of Ukraine in the Context of International Comparisons: Problems and Tasks of its Development to Ensure Technological Changes

Abstract

The article substantiates the relevance of the task of forming the human capital of Ukraine to ensure the technological transformation of the economy. An overview of international human capital estimates carried out by the World Economic Forum and the World Bank (WB) has been made. The methodology and results of the world’s human capital assessment by the World Bank Group in 2018 and 2020 are highlighted. A comparative analysis of the positions of Ukraine and individual European countries in the international rating was made, which made it possible to identify the areas of lag. It is concluded that the biggest problems are observed in the areas of health and education. Low quality education leads to the loss of part of the years of study and does not provide the opportunities for the formation of modern productive abilities that are necessary in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. High mortality in working age, especially men, leads to a direct loss of the formed human capital. That is why the Human Capital Index of Ukraine, according to the WB, is 84% of its value in Poland. Therefore, it is important in Ukraine to develop and implement a strategy for the formation, development and preservation of human capital.