Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) was applied to the analysis and characterization of olive oils and other vegetable oils. A chromatographic separation on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 reversed-phase column was proposed under gradient elution, employing 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phase, for the determination of 14 polyphenols and phenolic acids, allowing us to obtain compositional profiles in less than 20 min. Acceptable sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) values down to 80 µg/L in the best of cases), linearity (r2 higher than 0.986), good run-to-run and day-to-day precisions (relative standard deviation (RSD) values lower than 11.5%), and method trueness (relative errors lower than 6.8%) were obtained. The proposed HPLC-UV method was then applied to the analysis of 72 oil samples (47 olive oils and 27 vegetable oils including sunflower, soy, corn, and mixtures of them). Analytes were recovered using a liquid–liquid extraction method employing ethanol:water 70:30 (v/v) solution and hexane as extracting and defatting solvents, respectively. HPLC-UV polyphenolic profiles using peak areas were then analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) to extract information from the most significant data contributing to the characterization and classification of olive oils against other vegetable oils, as well as among Arbequina and Picual olive oil varieties. PCA results showed a noticeable difference between olive oils and the other classes. In addition, a reasonable discrimination of olive oils as a function of fruit varieties was also encountered.
Highlights
The health of the individual and the population in general is the result of interactions between genetics and a number of environmental factors, nutrition being one of the factors of major importance [1,2]
High performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) polyphenolic profiles using peak areas were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) to extract information from the most significant data contributing to the characterization and classification of olive oils against other vegetable oils, as well as among Arbequina and Picual olive oil varieties
Conclusions results obtainedininthis thiswork workshow show that profiles can can be proposed as TheThe results obtained that high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV
Summary
The health of the individual and the population in general is the result of interactions between genetics and a number of environmental factors, nutrition being one of the factors of major importance [1,2]. The importance of incorporating functional foods in the diet or following beneficial dietary patterns to improve health is fairly well-demonstrated [3]. Dietary patterns comprise all foods and beverages consumed in various characteristic combinations by different populations across the world. Among the dietary patterns that are known to have beneficial health effects, the Mediterranean diet is the best-studied and most evidence-based diet for preventing cardiovascular diseases but Separations 2016, 3, 33; doi:10.3390/separations3040033 www.mdpi.com/journal/separations. Due to its widely proven beneficial health effects, the Mediterranean diet has been on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity since 2013 [5]
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