11th Euro Fed Lipid Congress, New Strategies for a High Quality Future (27–30 October 2013, Antalya, Turkey)

Abstract

European Journal of Lipid Science and TechnologyVolume 116, Issue 4 p. 497-503 Meeting ReportFree Access 11th Euro Fed Lipid Congress, New Strategies for a High Quality Future (27–30 October 2013, Antalya, Turkey) First published: 03 April 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201400122 See related Special Issue featuring the Congress Highlights http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejlt.v115.11/issuetoc AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat The 11th Euro Fed Lipid Congress was held from 27th to 30th October 2013 in sunny Antalya, Turkey and was attended by about 500 delegates from all over the world. The Congress consisted of seven plenary lectures including two ISF lectures and 14 sections presented in 35 topical sessions. About 150 posters were presented. The Congress motto read New strategies for a high quality future, summarizing the motivation for research in all areas of lipid research that were covered, including food science and technology, medicine, biochemistry and biotechnology, analytics, animal science, chemistry, agriculture, plant and microbial lipids, and physical chemistry. Here we present a small slice of the Congress and we hope to help you decide to attend the next Congress which will be held in September 2014 in Montpellier, France. 1 Plenary lectures On Sunday afternoon, the Congress was opened with the Kaufmann memorial lecture presented by M. Bockisch (Jesteburg, Germany). He focused on the challenge of drawing correct conclusions from scientific studies and avoiding bias. This lecture provided food for thought for all scientists and persons involved in communicating or evaluating science and interpreting measured data. Two ISF series lectures were presented on Sunday evening. S. Küsefoglu (Istanbul, Turkey) talked about new methods for the synthesis of functional polymers from plant oils. One current challenge which was mentioned is predicting properties of TAG derived polymers – large molecules where computer modeling is problematic. J. Fry (Oxford, UK) addressed the unintended effects of biofuel policy on fats and oils industry and prices. The DGF Normann medal lecture was presented by H.-J. Fiebig (Detmold, Germany) on Monday morning and covered national and international standardization for analytical methods for oils and fats. K. Sato (Hiroshima, Japan) was awarded the European lipid technology award lecture and his presentation was an excellent and enjoyable review of external factors influencing lipid crystallization, a topic of upmost importance for all chocolate makers (and chocolate lovers). This lecture is covered in a Highlight Article published in the Euro Fed Lipid Highlights issue 1. B. Cannon (Stockholm, Sweden) concluded the Congress with the European lipid science award lecture on brown adipocytes. Brown fat has been known to generate body heat in rodents and newborn humans for decades, but it can be considered a recently discovered organ in adult humans. Brown fat helped species survive the climate change in the ancient past – dinosaurs did not have it, only mammals have brown fat. Can we therapeutically activate brown fat to fight obesity? Pathways that regulate brown (and beige) adipocyte biology provide promising therapeutic targets for metabolic disease, and thus brown fat continues to be a hot topic (pun intended) across the fields. 2 Sections and topical sessions Eight of the sections are included in this report. Do not miss the special issue featuring some of the must-read highlights 1-5. The keynote lecture of the “Analytics, authenticity and lipidomics” session focused on misdescription of oils and fats and analysis from a forensic viewpoint and is covered in a Highlight Article by T.G. Toschi (Bologna, Italy) et al. 2. The keynote lecture presented at the Lipids in animal science session by N. Aldai (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain) addressed trans fatty acids issues in foods after discontinuation of industrially produced trans fats 3. 2.1 Olive oil Three sessions, which included a keynote lecture and 14 oral presentations, were devoted to a wide range of topics but the focus was on authentication, quality and traceability of virgin olive oil (VOO). The first session began with an excellent keynote lecture on “Quality and Standardization: Core Elements at IOC” given by M. Fernández-Albadalejo (Madrid, Spain). She outlined the objectives of the International Olive Council (IOC) and presented the current trade standard for olive oil categories. The lecture was followed by an interesting and informative discussion with the attendees about the limits of certain chemical compounds in the IOC trade standard. G. Ozkan (Isparta, Turkey) summarized the current knowledge regarding the methodologies for better authentication of olive oil with particular emphasis on the current challenges. R. Aparicio (Sevilla, Spain) analyzed the historical evolution of the use and applications of olive oil from the Roman Empire to the second millennium. The first session was closed by C. Cevoli (Cesena, Italy) who gave an introduction on methodologies for determining olive oil purity and presented a rapid method for detecting the presence of water content in VOOs. The second session, which was mainly focused on current problems in olive oil quality, began with the presentation of R. B. Gómez-Coca (Sevilla, Spain) about the determination of free and esterified steryl glucosides with important implications in olive oil characterization. The determination of alkyl-esters by a rapid method, presented by A. Cane (Spoleto, Italy), was also of great relevance because of the role these compounds have in a possible determination of VOO sensory quality by chemical compounds. M. Kaplan (Kocaeli, Turkey) elucidated the problem of the PAH in vegetable oils and presented a new analytical method. The next speaker, D. Oberg (Weβling, Germany), focused his presentation on the harmony concept for the sensory quality evaluation of VOOs, which followed a successful practical course of the day before. The last presentation, given by A. Carrasco-Pancorbo, was devoted to the analysis of chemical markers for characterizing Moroccan Extra-VOOs from major (e.g., triglycerides) and minor compounds (i.e., phenols and volatiles), which is in line for building a world olive oil database. Ch. Gertz (Hagen, Germany) opened the last (third) session with a presentation about the classification of VOOs based on fatty acid, TAGs, and sensory descriptors. The presentation was followed by a discussion about whether IR spectra can explain the odor and taste descriptors perceived by assessors. U. Tibet (Izmir, Turkey) analyzed in depth the regulations regarding laboratories for sensory evaluation of VOOs with a special accent on the laboratory accreditation. H. Bejaoui (Monastir, Tunisia) also focused on sensory quality, specifically on the analysis of the VOO odor produced by volatiles that result from the presence of fungi in olives. The replacement of animal fat with olive or canola oils, of great importance from a nutritional viewpoint, was analyzed by F. Achachlouei (Tebriz, Iran) for the particular case of Iranian white brined cheese. The last presentation by G. Bozkurt (Izmir, Turkey) dealt with the identification of olive cultivars by means of RAPD and AFLP markers. 2.2 Processing This session was divided into three subsessions: Raw material quality, Protein, and Industry. The sessions were organized in co-operation with the European section of the AOCS. The keynote speaker of the Raw Material Quality session was C. Dayton (Bunge, USA) who reviewed the relationship between processing options and crude oil quality and contaminant levels. Four of the remaining seven presentations in the Raw Materials sessions focused on food safety. This included a survey of contaminants levels in French oil seeds, 3-MCPD esters formed during frying experiments with refined oils and reduction of glycidyl esters during storage, the effect of refining on the 3-MCPD content of olive oil and aliphatic hydrocarbons in olive pomace oil. Oil quality was related with enzymatic degumming performance and quality parameters of bakery fats. The protein session started with a keynote lecture by D. Chajuss (Misgav Dov, Israel) presenting an overview of soy protein use and expected trends. This was followed by a comparison of different rapeseed protein extraction and purification technologies. The remaining two lectures covered the application of supercritical CO2 extraction to recover oil from coffee grounds, linseed, and marine biomass. The two industry sessions covered a wide range of subjects. Related to processing costs were presentations on energy use in oil processing plants, optimized heat recovery in oilseed preparation plants, reduction of filtration costs and the effect of crude oil quality and process conditions on oil loss during deodorization. Alternative processing technologies were presented in lectures on the use of silica gel in oil refining, phospholipase blends for optimal enzymatic degumming, a combined dewaxing and degumming process, and the use of short path distillation to reduce 3-MCPD and glycidyl ester formation. The remaining two lectures were on the removal of heavy PAH from sunflower lecithin and low SAFA industrial margarine. Overall, many high quality presentations covering a wide range of processing subjects showing that the “old” profession of oil processing is still open for improvements in costs and quality. 2.3 Oleochemistry/biodiesel This session was divided in three subsessions for the discussion about chemical transformation of lipids, biolubricants, and biodiesel, with the presentation of 13 papers. The keynote speech was presented by S. Erhan (USDA, USA) and was based on the procedures and results obtained in the Biopreferred Program, a governmental program dealing with the promotion of the use of bio-derived materials in the purchase chain of the American public administration. The results of this initiative indicate that new production chains and new market opportunities were created by the decision of US government to prefer the purchase of bio products for all parts of US administration structure. Two important lectures – “Synthesis of biobased building blocks from vegetable oils” (S. Caillol, Montpellier, France), and “Efficient access to nitrogen containing fatty acid based monomers and their polymers” (M. Meier, Karlsruhe, Germany) completed the first subsession. The second subsession began with the presentation of A. Philippaerts from Belgium dealing with a new possibility to synthesize CLA using a solid catalyst instead of the classic homogenuous alkaline ones. The program continued with M. Mariani (Milano, Italy) who presented the results obtained during his studies on catalytic esterification, with particular attention to activity and selectivity of different catalysts. A lecture about the preparation of biobased polyurethanes was presented by F. S. Guner (Istanbul, Turkey), while Andrea Bernardini (Rome, Italy) reported about the modern technological solution available for the industrial production fatty acids and glycerol, also in view of new feedstocks appearing on the market during these last years. The last presentation of this subsession was done by F. Cruzzolin (Royston, UK) who discussed sustainable catalysts for production of sustainable chemicals from fats and oils. The third and last subsession was devoted to biodiesel, with presentations dealing with the changes in technology necessary to produce biodiesel from low quality or recycled feedstocks. The last two presentations dealt with the problem of acidic feedstocks deacidification by means of methanol extraction (H. Gurbuz, Istanbul, Turkey) and a new technology based on the enzymatic biodiesel production (P. M. Nielsen, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). 2.4 Oilseeds, plant breeding, and plant lipids A keynote lecture and two oral presentations were devoted to oilseed/nut lipids, their biochemistry as well as biotechnology. The session (Wednesday morning) began with an excellent keynote lecture presented by J. Harwood (Cardiff, UK) entitled “Regulation and Enhancement of Lipid Accumulation in Oil Crops” 4. Professor Harwood is particularly well known for his work in plant lipid biochemistry and is at the forefront of applied plant lipid science. In the presentation, he outlined the research he and his team had undertaken over the past 20 years. Professor Harwood explained that the way in which metabolism is controlled in plants is rather poorly understood. In order to re-dress this deficiency, his research team has applied the technique of control analysis to the study of lipid accumulation in oil crops. He explained that in general, control is shared by both the fatty acid synthesis and the lipid assembly blocks of reactions. In some species, DAG acyltransferase exhibits strong flux control. Additionally, Professor Harwood has been involved in improving yields from oil crops. A successful trial of oilseed rape has confirmed predictions made by his research team. The next lecture was given by C. Wendlinger (Stuttgart, Germany). She presented on research dealing with the high amounts of erucic acid in mustard oil and mustard. A portion of her research dealt with analyzing various mustard products available in the German market and to compare the levels of erucic acid determined against legal limits permitted in German food products. The last speaker was R. Pegg (Athens, USA). Dr. Pegg spoke about the emerging markets for tree nut and peanut oils in the 21st century. His presentation showed that still much concerning the composition of healthful components in commercial specialty oils from tree nuts and peanuts is to be learned. Comparisons were made between the levels of targeted bioactives in the specialty oils determined in his research lab, such as C18 fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols, against rather limited values of these lipophilic bioactives reported in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. All lectures presented state of art information in the field of oilseeds science and were followed by lively, informative discussions in a friendly atmosphere. 2.5 Rapeseed, soybean, and sunflower oil The session on rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil consisted of one part with four oral presentations and two posters. The main focus of the lectures was on rapeseed oil covering aspects of the market, processing and quality. In the keynote lecture G. Börner (Magdeburg, Germany) gave a very informative presentation about the tremendous potential for the added value of rapeseed in the future. This presentation was a summary and evaluation of the IV. Leipzig Symposium of DGF held on 20th to 21th March 2013. Within his lecture he not only discussed the further possibilities of rapeseed oil but also of its by-products which become more and more valuable. The aim of further research should be to extract new highly valuable products from rapeseed and rapeseed oil. Most promising seems to be the use of protein extracted from rapeseed meal after oil extraction. Rapeseed protein isolate has been accepted as Novel Food ingredient by the EFSA in 2013 increasing the chances of a successful use in food applications. Another interesting by-product is canolol (4-vinylsyringol) which is formed from sinapic acid during heat-treatment by decarboxylation. This compound also can be extracted from the press cake for further use as antioxidant active compound in different applications. In the lecture G. Börner showed his vision of the development of a bio-refinery for rapeseed which enables the comprehensive use of this raw material with the isolation of almost all valuable compounds before using the residue in animal feeding. F. Turon (Toulouse, France) presented an overview about the more and more attractive market of high oleic oils. High oleic oils still belong to the specialty market, but the interest in this type of oil increases fast since they have some advantages over conventional or hydrogenated oils with respect to health aspects and stability during use. He showed that high oleic oils are not only of interest for industrial countries but also for emerging countries like China or India. The most important criterion for virgin rapeseed oil is the sensory quality. A. Bonte (Detmold, Germany) showed that the sensory evaluation is time-consuming and costly. Therefore the search for methods replacing or completing the sensory evaluation is an ongoing story. Bonte showed some results on the correlation between the sensory evaluation by a group of three to five trained panelists and the measurement of volatile compounds by GLC-MS. One aim of this work is to identify aroma relevant compounds which are responsible for sensory defects such as musty or fusty. R. Speck (Hamburg, Germany) presented a new approach for the full-pressing of rapeseeds and sunflower seeds with a two-step pressing process. This process allows a more comprehensive mechanical extraction of the seed material in an environmentally friendly process without use of solvent. In the first step cold pre-pressing is possible before in a second pressing step in total more than 90% of the oil can be extracted with residual oil contents of 5–8% in the press cake. The session was well attended and after each presentation a fruitful discussion showed that the given lectures met the interest of the delegates. 2.6 Bioscience, biocatalysis, and biochemistry This session covered a total of nine presentations including one keynote lecture and eight poster presentations. The first session, chaired by U. Bornscheuer (Greifswald, Germany), was opened by M. Certik (Bratislava, Slovakia) with his keynote lecture “Biotechnology as a useful tool for functional improvement of cereal-based materials enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments.” He presented his research on the preparation of functional cereals enriched with PUFA and carotenoids using solid state fermentations and genetic engineering techniques. This lecture is covered in his Highlight Article 5. F. Carriére (Marseille, France) focused on the LIP2 lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica as a potent drug candidate for enzyme replacement therapy in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. He showed the potency of this lipase under physiological conditions in vivo and in vitro. N. Miled (Sfax, Tunisia) presented the production of fatty acids, MAGs, and DAGs by hydrolysis of palm olein using immobilized turkey pancreatic lipase with special focus on process parameters on enzymatic hydrolysis and the emulsifying activity of the purified reaction products. In the last presentation of the first session, N. B. Carvalho (Aracaju, Brazil) discussed the activity of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia encapsulated with ionic liquid for the hydrolysis of olive oil under different reaction conditions and the physicochemical characterization of the immobilized enzymes. The second part of this session, chaired by F. Göğüş (Gaziantep, Turkey), consisted of five oral presentations. This part started with a lecture by U. Bornscheuer on the catalytic promiscuity of fatty acid hydratases and isomerases. He demonstrated the development of a strategy to change the catalytic properties of fatty acid hydratases and isomerases to evaluate their catalytic promiscuity and evolutionary relationship. The second lecture S. Fedosov (Aarhus, Denmark) discussed the investigation of RNA/DNA catalyzed carbon–carbon formation reaction, structure–activity relationship of the products and their kinetic behaviors by comparison with protein-scaffolds. S. Ferreira-Dias (Lisbon, Portugal) presented a lecture dedicated to the production of human milk fat substitutes by acidolysis catalyzed by sol–gel immobilized Burkholderia cepacia lipase. She documented the effects of different reaction conditions on the incorporation of oleic acid into tripalmitin. In addition, she reported that immobilized Burkholderia cepacia showed sn-1,3 regioselectivity in this system and evaluated the possibility of this enzyme as a feasible biocatalyst in this type of reaction systems as an alternative to commercial lipases. The next lecture was given by L. Farine (Bern, Switzerland) who discussed the effects of different biosynthetic pathways on phosphatidylethanolamine formation in Trypanosoma brucei. She demonstrated in her lecture that ethanolamine phosphotransferase is localized exclusively perinuclear and is involved in the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. The Bioscience session was closed with the presentation by D. von der Haar (Freising, Germany). She presented the results of a kinetic modeling study of lipase catalyzed deacidification of rapeseed oil. All lectures presented the state of art in the field of bioscience, were well attended and included lively and valuable discussions in a friendly atmosphere. 2.7 Oxidation, antioxidants, and deep frying The session consisted of four parts with 19 oral presentations in total and was well attended with 50–60 participants. The session was chaired by Ch. Jacobsen (Lyngby, Denmark) and Ch. Gertz (Hagen, Germany). The topic of the first oxidation session was deep-frying. The keynote presentation was given by M. Pignitter (Vienna, Austria). He presented on the formation of advanced glyoxidation (AGE) and lipoxidation end (ALE) products. They represent quite complex class of compounds formed by different mechanisms, generated by non-enzymatically influenced oxidative and non-oxidative pathways. Some of them arise from carboxymethyllysine which is generated by glyoxal which is formed by both lipid and sugar degradation products. ALES and AGES have a pathogenic role in the development and progression of some diseases including diabetes, chronic inflammation, and atheriosclerosis. There is a wide interest in these reaction products and their damaging effect and their occurrence in fried products. Natural antioxidants are desirable for use as additives to enhance the oxidative stability of frying fats. F. Aladedunye and B. Matthäus (Detmold, Germany) extracted plants of the family Roseaceae in a two step clean-up using C18 and Sephadex-columns. Some of the polyphenolic fractions showed a significantly higher antioxidative effectiveness than TBHQ or BHT. An increasing effectiveness was observed for those polyphenols which were more lipophilic. New developments in transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for monitoring formation of polar compounds and other oxidation products were presented by S. T. H. Sherazi (Jamshoro, Pakistan). The results obtained were found to be comparable with standard reported methods and thus showed some promising results. The next presentation given by Ö. Tokusoglu (Manisa, Turkey) discussed the possibility of reducing the oil uptake of deep fried foods by using a vegetable blend oil and olive oil fortified with an adsorbant and carboxymethyl cellulose system. This oil mixture was tested on different foods. The best result was obtained for the deep fat fried potatoes for which the oil uptake could be reduced by 43%, which demonstrated a potential for reducing the fat content of deep fried foods to the benefit of consumer health. The next sub-session concerned antioxidant applications and mechanisms. Firstly, the effect of the chain length of caffeic acid esters (a phenolipid) on their ability to prevent lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions with or without tocopherol was discussed. It was found that the optimal chain length in terms of preventing lipid oxidation was dependent on the presence of tocopherol indicating possible interactions between tocopherol and caffeates. This was followed by a presentation on the protective effects of sea buckthorn oils against the toxicity of thermally oxidized vegetable ghee. It was found that oxidized vegetable ghee increased the serum total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, and decreased the serum glucose level and body weight. Sea buckthorn seed oil supplementation had protective effects against the toxicity of oxidized vegetable ghee by increasing the antioxidant potential. The last presentation in this session discussed the synergistic effect of milk phospholipids or sphingomyelin with tocopherol in preventing lipid oxidation of EPA and DHA. It was demonstrated that more research is necessary to understand the complex interactions between polar lipids and tocopherols. The topic of the third sub-session was oxidation mechanisms. One of the presentations of this sub-session also looked at the effect of the chain length of phenolipids on the antioxidative activity. In this case, rosmarinic acid was the phenolipid under investigation and its effect was evaluated in a model cracker system. Surprisingly, the 20 carbon ester of rosmarinic acid exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Moreover, lipid partition changed as a function of the solid fat content of the lipid. This presentation was thus in line with the presentation in the previous sub-session, which concluded that the optimal chain length of phenolipids will depend on the food system. Another presentation in this sub-session discussed oxidation mechanisms in milk enriched with neat or pre-emulsified oils. It was found that the ability of pre-emulsified oils to prevent lipid oxidation depended on the type of emulsifier used to prepare the pre-emulsion. Hence, no universal emulsion that can efficiently protect fish oil from oxidation when added in foods exists. The next presentation concerned the influence of the operative conditions on the physicochemical and oxidative stability of spray-dried microencapsulated chia oil during storage. It was reported that oxidation was higher in microencapsulated oil produced at higher homogenization pressure. The topic for the last sub-session was oxidation mechanisms and analysis. The first presentation continued the discussion from the previous sub-session on the so-called “cut-off effect” of phenolipids with different chain length. It discussed whether the fact that this cut-off effect has been observed in oil-in-water emulsions, liposomes, and cells is just a coincidence, or more interestingly, if this phenomenon originated from the same mechanism of action. The sub-session also included a presentation on the impact of LED-light on lipid oxidation and discoloration of meat and meat products. The findings from this study indicated that meat products exposed to LED-light developed higher levels of primary oxidation products compared to fluorescent light whereas no clear differences were observed for secondary oxidation products. Since, LED is more and more used in supermarket this topic deserves more research. 2.8 Marine oils, microbial lipids, and microalgae oils Lipids from microorganisms and marine sources have recently gained much interest in biotechnology and nutrition. Taking these facts into account, two sessions were devoted to Marine Oils, Microbial Lipids and Microalgae Oils. These sessions were chaired by G. Daum (Graz, Austria) and H. Ngo (Wyndmoor, PA, USA). A total of 13 papers focusing on both fundamental as well as applied aspects of lipid research were presented. Two lectures focused on the recent development in bacterial lipids. H. Gramajo (Rosario, Argentina) reported the production of lipids in E. coli for biotechnological purposes in the production of biolubricants. The metabolic flexibility of E. coli was found to be most valuable for the design and reconstruction of a heterologous system capable of producing novel lipid compounds with improved lubricant properties. A. Corcelli (Bari, Italy) presented results on lipidomics of Paracoccus denitrificans by MALDI-TOF/MS. The study was on membranes of the Gram-negative bacterium whose components and functional organization resemble the electron transport chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane from eukaryotes. TLC and MALDI-TOF/MS analyses identified phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin as major lipid components of membranes isolated from the organism. Sulfoglycolipids were also detected. Four lectures focused on various aspects of yeast lipid research. Z. Mutlu (Istanbul, Turkey) talked about variation of culture conditions to improve the production of single cell oil with the oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides. The paper focused on the production of PUFA such as ALA, DHA, and EPA. Problems with different cultivation media and the efficiency of lipid extraction methods were also reported. I. Kolouchová (Prague, Czech Republic) presented the influence of the C/N ratio on the production of specific TAG species in different yeast strains. Different yeast genera such as Candida, Kluyveromyces, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Torulospora, Trichosporon, and Yarrowia were employed. The specific aim of this study was to find strains and culture conditions which allowed accumulation of palmitoleic acid in TAG molecules. Specific chromatographic techniques were used to isolate positional isomers of TAG. G. Daum (Graz, Austria) addressed the fundamental aspects of yeast lipid research. In the presentation, the author discussed the regulatory interaction of non-polar lipid metabolic enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Balance between formation and degradation of TAG and steryl esters is important because excess of fatty acids in cells may cause a lipotoxic effect whereas fatty acid depletion may result in str