How water oxygenation level influences cadmium accumulation pattern in the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea: A laboratory and field study

Abstract

The level of O2 in water is highly variable in the aquatic environment and is a major ventilatory drive in all animals breathing water. Low O2 partial pressure (PO2) strongly stimulates ventilatory activity compared to air-equilibrated or O2-enriched water. We studied the influence of ventilatory activity on the bioaccumulation rate of Cd in the freshwater Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea for PO2 ranging from 4 to 40 kPa (2-20 mg/L at 15 degrees C) during steady-state exposure to controlled concentrations of Cd of approximately 2 or 0.5 microg/L under both laboratory and field conditions. The concentration of Cd in the expired water and its apparent extraction coefficient (EwCd) from the ventilated water were calculated. Results show that a low PO2 strongly enhanced Cd bioaccumulation rate in the whole soft body and modified the distribution pattern and the relative burden in the organs. Whatever the water PO2, values for the concentration of Cd in the expired water remained close to the Cd concentration in the inspired water and EwCd varied from 2 to 12%. Because the field results conformed to the laboratory analysis, the suggestion is made that the influence of O2 on bioaccumulation patterns of metals in water-breathers should be classified as of primary importance.