Abstract
IMRAD is a mnemonic for a common format used for academic (scientific) research papers. It is widely used in the biology, physics, Medical, social and behavioral sciences. Most scientific papers are prepared according to a format called IMRAD. The term represents the first letters of the words Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, And, Discussion. It indicates a pattern or format rather than a complete list of headings or components of research papers; the missing parts of a paper are: Title, Authors, Keywords, Abstract, Conclusions, and References. Additionally, some papers include Acknowledgments and Appendices. The Introduction explains the scope and objective of the study, the Materials and Methods describes how the study was conducted, the Results section reports what was found in the study, and the Discussion section explains meaning and significance of the results and provide suggestions for future directions of research. The manuscript must be prepared according to the Journal's instructions to authors. Each journal has its own style, but they all have their own Instructions to Authors.
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