Abstract
When plants face an environmental stress such as water deficit, soil salinity, high temperature, or shade, good communication between above- and belowground organs is necessary to coordinate growth and development. Various signals including hormones, peptides, proteins, hydraulic signals, and metabolites are transported mostly through the vasculature to distant tissues. How shoots and roots synchronize their response to stress using mobile signals is an emerging field of research. We summarize recent advances on mobile signals regulating shoot stomatal movement and root development in response to highly localized environmental cues. In addition, we highlight how the vascular system is not only a conduit but is also flexible in its development in response to abiotic stress.
Highlights
When plants face an environmental stress such as water deficit, soil salinity, high temperature, or shade, good communication between above- and belowground organs is necessary to coordinate growth and development
Given that both HYDROGEN PEROXIDEINDUCED Ca2+ INCREASES 1 (HPCA1) and GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT 1 (GHR1) are present in guard cells, an eH2O2-assisted Ca2+ wave could be directly perceived by shoot guard cells to regulate stomatal movement under abiotic stress
These studies have shown that the regulation of sucrose transport from shoots to roots is responsive to environmental changes, and transcriptional regulation of sugar transporters is probably important for surviving stress
Summary
When plants face an environmental stress such as water deficit, soil salinity, high temperature, or shade, good communication between above- and belowground organs is necessary to coordinate growth and development. Several small peptides, proteins, and RNA molecules have been found to be mobile in xylem or phloem and to coordinate nutrient uptake and distal stress responses [6,7,8,9,10] (Figure 1). Localized environmental stresses such as soil salinity or light signals require controlled longdistance transport of stress signals to elicit acclimation responses at the whole-plant level [11,12].
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